湄洲岛“闹妈祖”民俗舞蹈的社会功能探析

在妈祖故乡湄洲岛元宵＂闹妈祖＂习俗活动中,舞蹈活动颇具特色。它是古代信仰物化形态的一种遗留,也是一种逐渐形成的自我调整机制。这些传统习俗依旧存在于莆田湄洲岛民众生活之中,并且随着时代的发展,更加丰富多样,呈现出祭神谢恩、群聚交际、宣传教化、娱乐健身以及新时期增加的促进两岸及海内外文化交流等社会功能。     

建国40年间(1949-1988)海南岛自然灾害发生特点及其抗救措施

通过对历史事件的综合整理分析,探讨了建国40年间海南岛各类自然灾害的群发性、发生时间不平衡、地域广泛和灾情严重等特点.另外还综合整理了海南人民为抗救自然灾害,采取的一系列相关措施,如兴修水利、植树造林、赈济物资、组织生产自救、提供农贷和提倡节约等;以期达抛砖引玉之功效.     

海南岛中部丘陵地区受台风侵袭影响的4种植物群落凋落物动态

为探讨台风后凋落物组成和量的特征,在"达维"台风后的1 a中,测定了海南岛中部丘陵地区次生植被草丛、灌丛、次生林及人工马占相思林的凋落物.结果显示:1)各植被年凋落物量与同类型植被正常年凋落物量相比,明显偏低;2)在台风后的第3个月起次生植被月凋落物量有逐渐回升趋势,人工马占相思林月凋落物量无明显回升趋势;3)各植被类型凋落物叶的比例,均低于同类型植被正常年份凋落物中叶的比例;4)4种植被凋落物凋落节律未因台风而发生明显变化,次生植被为"双峰"特征,人工马占相思林无明显的落叶季节.     

海南岛东部地区砖红壤中微量元素含量的纵向分异研究

对海南岛东部地区发育典型的6个砖红壤剖面的微量元素的组成特征及其纵向变化规律进行研究发现,土壤母质是决定砖红壤微量元素含量的主要原因,区内花岗岩砖红壤中Cu、Sr、Zn、Pb含量明显高于砂页岩砖红壤,而砂页岩砖红壤中的As含量相对较高.砂页岩砖红壤剖面中的微量元素含量的纵向变化规律具有相似性,并显示出B层>C层>A层的特征,而花岗岩砖红壤微量元素在各层中的纵向分异规律不甚明显.区内的人类活动对海南岛东部砖红壤剖面中的部分微量元素的分布具有一定的影响,农药及老鼠药的大量使用,可致使大量的As元素进入土壤表层富集,并造成土壤中As含量超标,成为区内环境的重要隐患.     

2015年秋季千里岩岛海域浮游植物群落结构特征

[目的] 为了了解千里岩岛附近海域浮游植物状况。[方法] 以2015年秋季在该海域的监测数据为基础,并结合2013年调查数据,分析该海域浮游植物的变化情况。[结果] 2015年秋季千里岩岛海域发现浮游植物37种,由硅藻和甲藻组成,平均密度为3.23×10⁵个/m³,监测区主要的优势种为圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus sp.)和虹彩圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus oculusiridis),多样性指数为2.13~3.42,平均为2.74。[结论] 与2013年调查数据比较,千里岩岛海域浮游植物种类数、密度和多样性指数有所增长,分析原因可能是由于调查季节不同。     

New records of fishes from the Bonaparte Seamount and Saint Helena Island,South Atlantic

A small collection of fishes from the Bonaparte Seamount (15°40′S, 6°55′W, 130 km west of Saint Helena Island, least depth 105 m), comprising 14 specimens from nine species in eight families, is described. This appears to be the first collection of fishes reported from the seamount. In addition, seven new records for St Helena (15°58′S, 5°43′W) are reported as well as additional specimens of several rarely caught endemics. The scorpaenid Pontinus nigropunctatus, previously known only from St Helena, is now also reported from Bonaparte Seamount while the serranid Holanthias fronticinctus, also considered a St Helena endemic, has been found to comprise 20% of the diet of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) at the Seamount. The carangid Decapterus muroadsi which was previously recorded in the Atlantic only at St Helena is now also recorded from the Bonaparte Seamount. A second specimen of the primarily Indo-Pacific carangid Uraspis helvola is recorded from St Helena (third record for the Atlantic). Particularly interesting new records at St Helena, which represents significant range extensions, are of Corniger spinosus (Holocentridae), and of Carangoides ruber and Seriola fasciata (Carangidae). The potential role of shallow seamounts around Ascension and St Helena as ‘stepping stones’ between the two islands is discussed.     

Two new species of terrestrial Isopoda (Crustacea,Oniscidea) from Ascension Island

A collection of eight species of terrestrial isopods from lava and cave sites on Ascension Island is described. Two species, Niambia longiantennata (Platyarthridae) and Elumoides coecus (Eubelidae), are described as new. Atlantoscia alceui Ferrara and Taiti (Philosciidae) is considered to be a junior synonym of A. floridana (Van Name) and the genus Ocelloscia Schultz and Johnson of Atlantoscia Ferrara and Taiti. At present the oniscidean fauna known from Ascension Island consists of 13 species.     

Biogeography of coastal and anchialine amphipods of Ascension Island,South Atlantic Ocean

Over 8000 amphipods were examined from coastal (primarily intertidal) and anchialine pool habitats of Ascension Is. Twenty-seven species, of which 14 are undescribed, were identified. Comparison of species from Ascension with amphipods found in possible source areas suggests that most colonization of the island by these animals has been via the Benguela Current. Possible western Atlantic faunal contributions are significantly lower than for other marine taxa that have been studied at Ascension, all of which are generally characterized by having dispersive larval stages. The high proportion of apparently endemic species, which exceeds that described for amphipods of other oceanic islands, is probably due to both the island's isolation and incomplete faunal surveys in possible source areas. Amphipod species diversity is low, a probable consequence of the size, isolation, youth and low habitat variability of Ascension Is. Consistent with other Atlantic islands that have been studied, nestlers predominate (56% of the species), with tubicolous species (33%) of secondary importance and inquilines (11%) making only a minor contribution. Three species occur in the anchialine pool habitat. Rather unexpectedly, caprellid amphipods are absent.     

Tardigrades from Signy Island,South Orkney Islands,with particular reference to freshwater species

Seventeen species of Tardigrada from lakes and catchments on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, are described. Two species, Echiniscus punctus and Isohypsibius laevis are new to science, and two, Oreella minor and Pseudechiniscus suillus, are new to the Signy Is. records.     

Genetic and morphometric variation of the Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) on the Azores Archipelago reveals a recent range expansion

ABSTRACT

The Blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla, is one of the few passerine species that breeds in all the Macaronesian archipelagos. The sedentary habits of these populations contrast with the migratory populations from the Western Europe. However, little is known for Azorean populations. We assessed the phylogeography of populations from the Azores based on sequences of two mitochondrial genes and one nuclear gene in the Z-chromosome. We also analysed differences in eight morphometric characters from a total of 282 Blackcaps from all the Azores islands. Our results suggest the occurrence of historical and/or current gene flow among birds from all the islands. Blackcaps from the Azores are close relatives of those from Madeira and Portugal, indicating a recent range expansion to the Azores in the last 0.1 million years. The analysis of morphometric data showed a high morphological diversity among and within the islands, probably related to ecological traits.