革命老区高校合作与老区振兴略论

高校在革命老区振兴过程中,发挥着独特而重要的作用。革命老区高校合作是时代所需,大势所趋。要解放思想,打破合作壁垒,加强革命老区高校合作研究,构建良好的合作机制与发展途径,建立顺畅的合作协调与激励机制,为老区培养、输送更多合格人才,为老区振兴提供重要科研保障。老区高校合作,是增强老区高校话语权和核心竞争力,是提高老区高校服务地方经济与可持续发展能力的客观要求。     

贵州杨湾桥水库及周边区域冬春季鸟类群落比较

2010年12月—2012年5月采用样线法对杨湾桥水库及其周边区域的水域、农田、蔬菜地和树林4类生境进行鸟类调查,分析该区域鸟类群落结构能为其毗邻的草海国家级自然保护区鸟类研究补充基础数据.共记录到鸟类14目36科98种,其中,国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护鸟类各1种和5种,优势种为赤麻鸭Tadorna ferruginea、赤膀鸭Anas strepera、喜鹊Pica pica和斑头雁Anser indicus.独立样本t-检验表明:鸟类数量在水域和农田生境中冬季显著高于春季(P<0.05),而在蔬菜地和树林生境中冬、春季之间无显著差异;鸟类种数在水域生境中冬季显著高于春季,而在蔬菜地、树林和农田生境中冬、春季之间无显著差异;国家级保护鸟类(Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级)数量冬、春季之间无显著差异,而种类冬季显著高于春季.Kruskal-Wallis检验表明:不同生境之间冬季的黑颈鹤Grus nigricollis数量差异显著,而春季无显著差异.杨湾桥水库及其周边区域应该优先实施鸟类保护的生境是水域和农田、季节为冬季.     

纤维素在炭化和活化过程中的结构变化

以纤维素为原料,通过在氮气氛下炭化和水蒸气活化得到纤维素基炭.采用热分析、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射及低温N2吸附测试手段研究了纤维素的炭化和活化过程以及过程中炭微晶结构和比表面积的变化.纤维素分子结构中的C—OH、C—O—C、C—H等基团在280~380℃之间大量分解,380℃后少量裂解产生的小分子碎片或基团持续分解,同时碳元素发生结构重排,形成石墨微晶.炭化温度是影响纤维素基活性炭微晶结构及孔结构的关键因素,随炭化温度的升高,石墨微晶尺寸变大,孔结构得到发育,但活性炭的比表面积则呈先增加后下降趋势,当炭化温度为600℃时所得活性炭比表面积最大;炭化时间对炭微晶结构及比表面积的影响不显著;随着活化时间的延长,先是炭结构中的非微晶碳被氧化,比表面积及总孔容积变大,然后微晶碳被氧化,微晶结构被破坏,炭中部分微孔变成中孔或大孔,导致比表面积及总孔容积变小,当微晶间的非微晶碳被充分氧化而又不破坏原微晶结构时得到的炭孔隙最丰富.     

基于DEA的环渤海能源利用效率研究

环渤海经济圈的迅速崛起,对国家经济发展发挥着巨大的推动作用.从能源视角,采用数据包络分析法对环渤海地区、长三角地区的上海市和浙江省、珠三角地区的广东省2000—2011年能源利用效率进行了测度.结果显示,环渤海地区的能源利用效率要低于长三角地区和珠三角地区.目前,环渤海地区四省两市一区的能源利用效率排名依次为:北京、天津、辽宁、内蒙古、山东、河北、山西.在此基础上提出了提高环渤海能源利用效率的对策.     

基于TM/ETM+遥感影像的达里湖补给源研究

以近十年的多时相Land Sat TM/ETM+影像为数据源,从面积、变化率等方面对湖泊的变化过程进行研究,并结合达里湖流域临近四个雨量站的降雨量、蒸发量数据进行分析.结果表明,达里湖从2003—2013年湖面面积不断减小,面积由204.11 km2减小到180.02 km2,面积减少了24.09 km2,平均每年减少2.41 km2;近十年来,达里湖流域降雨量波动较大,但是没有明显减少趋势,流域蒸发量波动较小且远大于当地降雨量.分析达里湖流域湖泊面积变化与降雨量和蒸发量的关系显示,降雨量并非湖泊面积变化的决定性因素,蒸发量对湖泊面积变化影响较小.达里湖除接受降水补给外,还接受地下水的补给,且地下水可能并非来自当地降水.     

基于旅游非优区理论的森林公园旅游发展探讨——以陕西省翠峰山森林公园为例

基于旅游非优区理论,探讨了旅游非优区研究进展、优化路径,以陕西省翠峰山森林公园为例,分析了翠峰山的非优表现,总结出由"生态、创新、主题、本土、休闲、体验"六环节构成的公园旅游优化发展模式.森林公园非优区的旅游发展应突破传统的资源导向模式,结合市场需求与特点,以休闲经济和度假旅游为导向,合理定位、重新组合,开发休闲旅游资源,打造差异化的特色旅游产品;营造独树一帜的休闲度假环境;走出特色化的旅游管理与服务;塑造品牌化的旅游文化与形象,走不仅仅依靠资源的多向发展之路.     

基于冲击原理的磨削接触区及磨削力建模

磨削力是滑擦、耕犁及切削三个阶段共同作用的结果,仅对切削阶段进行研究通常造成切削力计算值与实测值的误差较大;因此本文考虑磨削接触区冲击效应对整个平面磨削加工过程的影响,将接触区划分为冲击区和切削区两部分.通过分析磨粒在冲击区内对工件产生的冲击载荷的变化情况,建立了单颗磨粒的冲击载荷模型及参与冲击的磨粒数目模型,并结合磨削力在切削区的变化情况,构建磨削力理论计算模型及总磨削力数学模型.最后通过实验研究验证了理论分析的合理性.     

Redox condition during Ediacaran–Cambrian transition in the Lower Yangtze deep water basin,South China: constraints from iron speciation and δ~(13) Corg in the Diben section,Zhejiang

Cherts of the Piyuancun Formation and black mudstones of the Hetang Formation in Diben Town, Kaihua County, Zhejiang were deposited in a deep water basin of the Lower Yangtze area during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition(E–C transition), offering an opportunity to reconstruct the ancient redox condition of the deep water basin. Total 53 samples were collected and analyzed for iron speciation, including pyrite iron(FePy), carbonate associated iron(FeCarb), iron oxide and hydroxide(FeOx),magnetite iron(FeMag) and total iron(FeT) as well as d13 Corgto gain a deeper understanding of specific redox condition during the period. The results show that(1) most samples have pyrite concentration \1 %, with the FePy/FeHR ratio ranging from \0.01 to 0.81(mostly \0.5), and the FeHR/FeT ratio between 0.39 and 0.93(mostly [0.5).(2) The E–C boundary in the Diben section occurred at the maximum negative excursion of organic carbon isotope within the Piyuancun Formation, which can be correlated with other sections by using d13 Corg. We thus concluded that the relatively high content of highly reactive iron and low content of pyrite iron in the Diben section indicate a minor occurrence of H2 S and a predominance of anoxic and ferruginous environment, which is similar to other reported sections such as the Longbizui and Yanwutan sections, western Hunan. In addition, oxygen concentration in sea water showed an increasing trend in the interval corresponding to the bottom and upper layer of the Hetang Formation as indicated by the FeHR/FeT ratio, which decreased from 0.7 to 0.38, however, it was not great enough to oxidize the whole deep water. Therefore, during the E–C transition deep water basin in South China was most likely an anoxic and ferruginous enrironment, which prevented metazoon from the evolution in the deep water basin. Our work offers an important reference to better understanding of the spatiotemporal occurrence and dynamic processes of the ‘‘Cambrian Explosion'.     

Monitoring dynamic changes of global land cover types:fluctuations of major lakes in China every 8 days during 2000–2010

Remote sensing images can be used to delineate variations in the area of lakes and to assess the influence of environmental changes and human activities.However,because lakes are dynamic,results obtained from individual images acquired on a single date are not representative and do not accurately reflect ongoing changes.In this study,we used 8-day moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)composite data from 2000 to2010 to map water surface changes over 629 lakes in China.We combined automatic extraction of training data and support vector machine classification to derive the spatial distribution of these large water bodies.The producer’s and user’s accuracies for MODIS images were91.06%and 89.81%,respectively,when compared with interpretation results from 30 m resolution Landsat images taken on similar days.Area changes,variability,inundation intensity,and rainy seasons of the 629 lakes were analyzed based on this multi-temporal lake database.The total area of the 629 lakes increased over the study period,primarily as a result of the expansion of lake areas on the Tibetan Plateau.There were 12 lakes with a maximum area[1,000 km2,and six of these decreased in area from 2000to 2010.The shrinkages of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake were-54.76 and-25.08 km2/a,respectively.The area of lakes on Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,northeastern Inner Mongolia,and northeastern China varied little,while lakes on the Yangtze Plain,in southern Inner Mongolia,and central Xinjiang fluctuated considerably.Inundation intensity increased for lakes on the Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,Heilongjiang,and Jilin,while inundation extent decreased in central Xinjiang,southern Tibet,southern Inner Mongolia,Sichuan,and on the Yangtze Plain.This study is an attempt to develop high-frequency specific land cover maps to improve applicability of general land cover maps.The lake products serve as an important supplement to hydrologic data.The lake database enables the generation of new land surface process models,which could improve the precision of simulations,based on more accurate observations of dynamic lake systems.     

晋西北黄土区不同植被春季土壤水分动态变化特征研究

以晋西北黄土丘陵区为背景,对当地有代表性的植被(乔木类小叶杨林、灌木类沙棘林和柠条、油松-小叶杨混交地及撂荒地)为主要研究对象,系统地对5种不同植被土壤水分含量状况、垂直分布特征及变异情况进行分析,结果表明:在0~600 cm土层深度范围内,不同类型植被的平均土壤水分含量高低依次为撂荒地油松-小叶杨混交林沙棘林柠条小叶杨,且总体都呈现出先增加后减少然后趋于恒定的变化趋势;其中乔、灌木的土壤水分含量最大值均出现在150 cm~220 cm之间,而撂荒地在320 cm处出现最大值,5种植被类型的最小值大都出现在0~20 cm的表层土壤。最后,根据不同植被的土壤水分分布分层的定量分析,将土壤剖面划分为:易变层(0~100cm)、活跃层(100 cm~200 cm)、次活跃层(200 cm~300 cm)和相对稳定层(300 cm~600cm)。因此,根据本区域土壤水分变化特点,在进行植被恢复建设过程中,依据因地适宜原则,实行乔-草或乔-灌-草相结合的植被配置模式。