某工程基础处理及探讨

主要介绍了某学校综合楼与紧邻建筑相接时地基的处理方法。     

Pulse radiolysis studies of functionally substituted imidazolium-based ionic liquids

The reactions of imidazolium-based ionic liquids having different substituent groups on the ring with hydrated electrons (eaq-),hydroxyl radicals (·OH),and sulfate anion radicals (SO4·-) were investigated using nanosecond pulse radiolysis techniques.The spectra of these ionic liquids on reaction with eaq-all exhibited a similar peak at about 320 nm,and a typical peak for eaq-in aqueous ionic liquid solutions.The reaction rate constants for 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium-based ionic liquid hexafluorophosphates (BMIPF 6) with eaq-were deduced to be 10 10 L mol-1s-1,however the values were lower for trisubstituted ionic liquids.For example,the rate constant for 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMMIBF 4) was 5.5×10 9 L mol-1s-1.Imidazolium-based ionic liquids reacted with hydroxyl radicals via adducts to produce a mixture of isomeric OH adducts,and the pk a value of the OH adducts was deduced to be 8.4±0.4 for 1-butyl-3-methylimdazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF 4).Moreover,imidazolium cations were also oxidized by SO4·-to produce bivalent cation radicals,which exhibit a peak at 320 nm,and these rate constants are of the same order of magnitude,i.e.,10 9 L mol-1s-1,except that for 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimdazolium tetrafluoroborate with SO4·-(k=2.8×10 8 L mol-1 s-1).Theoretical calculations were carried out to estimate the structures of the products of reduction by eaq- and the results were related to the experimental data.     

Ionic liquids containing the urea moiety for recognition of halides and complex anions

A series of novel imidazolium based ionic liquids containing the urea moiety were designed and synthesized for anion recognition. 1-Ethylurea-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Eumim]OAc) was used as the receptor for the halides and complex anions (BF4-, PF6-, BPh4-). 1H NMR spectra showed that the urea protons and imidazolium C(2) proton of the receptor ([Eumim]OAc) moved upfield on addition of various anions. A Job plot showed that the [Eumim]OAc receptor formed a 1:1 complex with BPh4-. X-ray diffraction analysis and the molecular modeling study revealed that the conformations of [Eumim]OAc and [Eumim]BPh4 were different. The conformational change of the cation was caused by anion exchange, and may provide an alternative to current methods for recognition of anions.     

离子液体在水、乙醇及其混合物中的电导率测定

用电导率仪测定了298.15 K条件下多种离子液体,即1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑溴([Emim]Br)、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑溴([Bmim]Br)、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑氯([Bmim]Cl)、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑氟硼酸盐([Bmim][BF4])、1-甲基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯([Mmim][DMP])、1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑磷酸二乙酯([Emim][DEP])、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑磷酸二丁酯([Bmim][DBP])以及醋酸钾(KAc)在水、乙醇及其混合溶剂中的电导率数据。结果表明,室温离子液体的电导率顺序为：[Bmim][BF4]>[Mmim][DMP]> [Emim][DEP]> [Bmim][DBP],该顺序与离子液体的黏度成反比。离子液体在水中的电导率的次序大致为[Emim]Br>[Bmim]Cl[Bmim]Br[Bmim][BF4]>[Mmim][DMP]>[Emim][DEP]> [Bmim][DBP]。离子液体在水中的电导率高于在乙醇中的电导率,且电导率随浓度的增加均先升高后降低。与醋酸钾相比,溶剂变化对离子液体电导率的影响要小得多。离子液体[Mmim][DMP]和[Emim][DEP]能显著提高乙醇水溶液中乙醇的相对挥发度,且盐析作用[Mmim][DMP]> [Emim][DEP],这与在混合溶剂中电导率的大小次序是一致的。     

离子液体及其在化学中的应用

主要介绍了离子液体及其发展概况,归纳了离子液体作为溶剂的优越性质,概述了离子液体在化学反应、分离纯化和电化学中的应用,说明离子液体的独特性能对推进绿色化学化工的重要意义。     

Ionic Liquids Derived from the Chiral Pool: New Media for Fine Chemistry

1 Introduction Ionic liquids (Ils) are low melting point salts, which are characterized by properties such as high ability to dissolve organic, organometallic and even inorganic compounds, absence of flammability, lack of measurable vapour pressure and high thermal stability. Due to these peculiar properties, they have recently attracted considerable attention as greener alternatives to volatile organic solvents~([1]). A few chiral ionic liquids, which could provide a renewal in the field of c…     

双核碱性功能化离子液体催化Knoevenagel缩合反应

采用咪唑与二溴烷烃为原料,两步法合成了5种新型咪唑类碱性双核功能化离子液体催化剂,考察了在醛与氰基化合物的Knoevenagel缩合反应中的催化性能。结果表明:咪唑类碱性双核功能化离子液体在Knoevenagel反应中具有很好的催化性能,在其中以双-(3-甲基-1-咪唑)亚丁基双氢氧化物离子液体的催化糠醛与丙二氰Knoevenagel缩合反应的活性最好,其产物的收率高达93.2%,而双-(3-甲基-1-咪唑)亚己基双氢氧化物离子液体对研究中的类醛与氰基化合物的Knoevenagel缩合反应都有较好的催化效果。     

血红蛋白在琼脂糖/离子液体/萘酚修饰玻碳电极上的直接电化学研究

以室温离子液体(RTIL)1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmim]PF6)与琼脂糖、Nafion相结合,制备一种新型的琼脂糖/离子液体/Nafion复合膜修饰玻碳电极,利用紫外可见光谱、红外光谱和电化学方法等手段对包埋于膜内的血红蛋白(Hb)的性质进行了表征.实验表明,Hb在该修饰电极上具有良好的电化学行为,在8.0×10-7~4.8×10-5mol/L浓度范围内过氧化氢的浓度在该电极上与电化学响应信号成良好的线性关系.信噪比为3时,检测限为1.0×10-7mol/L.     

4-甲基吡啶在Ti/nanoTiO2-Pt电极上的电催化氧化

采用溶胶-凝胶和扫描电沉积法制备Ti基纳米TiO2-Pt(Ti/nanoTiO2-Pt)膜电极,Pt纳米粒子的平均粒径约为25nm.在离子液体+DMF(体积比为1:1)的混合溶剂中,通过循环伏安和计时电流法研究表明, Ti/nanoTiO2-Pt修饰电极对4-甲基吡啶(4-MP)的氧化具有高催化活性,同时讨论了4-甲基吡啶电催化氧化的机理.     

绿色溶剂离子液体的合成方法及在萃取分离中的应用

综述了离子液体的合成方法,分析比较了不同合成方法的特点,展望了其在萃取分离中的应用,并分析了当前制约离子液体绿色化和工业化应用的若干因素．