金汤河底栖动物调查和水质分析

对金汤河流域4个断面的底栖动物进行了调查.共采集到底栖动物14种,其中水生昆虫11种,甲壳动物、环节动物和扁形动物各1种,隶属3门、4纲、7目、14科.优势种为扁蜉、黑石蝇.应用Beck和Shannon-Wiener指数对其水质状况进行评价,结果表明金汤河的河坪库尾和炉房桥的水质有污染,关门石和铜陵的水质为清洁.     

应用硅藻指数评价渭河流域水生态健康状况

应用硅藻指数进行河流健康评价的研究日益广泛.本研究于2012年10月对渭河流域60个点位进行采样调查,应用Spearman相关分析法分析硅藻指数与水环境因子的关系,并根据硅藻指数生态健康分类标准对渭河流域水生态健康状况进行评价.结果表明,渭河流域共采集到硅藻26属221种,隐头舟形藻(Navicula cryptocephala)、谷皮菱形藻(Nitzschia palea)、扁圆卵形藻(Cocconeis placentula)、小形异极藻(Gomphonema parvulum)和极细曲壳藻(Achnanthes minutissima)等为主要优势物种.实验共计算出12个硅藻指数,除IDAP指数外,其余11个指数均与河宽显著相关,仅DI-CH指数与溶解氧显著相关,SHE、IPS和DI-CH指数与NO2和NH+4显著相关.基于硅藻指数生态健康分类标准,12个硅藻指数评价结果相差较大,IDAP、IPS、IBD和LOBO指数评价结果较好点位占45%以上,而TDI、IDP、CEE和DI-CH指数评价结果较差的点位较多,占45%以上,其余指数评价结果为一般水平.     

Loess-Paleosol-Sequences in South Germany - Stratigraphy,Paleoclimate and Connections with River Terraces

Loess-paleosol sequencesin South Germany were used to reconstruct the evolution of the paleoclimate and the chronology of river terraces formation. It was demonstrated that the classical Riβ glacial period issubdividedintoat least 3 glacial/interglacial cycles. In consequence, it is probable that the Holsteinian t Loess-paleosol sequences in South Germany were used to reconstruct the evolution of the paleoclimate and the chronology of river terraces formation. It was demonstrated that the classical Riβ glacial period issubdividedintoatleast3 glacial/interglacial cycles. In consequence, it is probable that the Holsteinian period can be classified as the isotope stage 11.     

长江口北槽水域的Delaunay三角剖分

为了进行长江口水动力过程等的有限元数据模拟，研究了任意平面区域的Delaunay三角剖分和基于背景网格等值线点集的新的自动生成方法：局部三角形内得到等值线、进行自动加点；改进任意平面区域的Delauay三角剖分法，与行波法结合，从区域边界向域内逐步三角化，前者简化了自动加点算法，保证新生成点均位于域内、疏密连续变化和最终网格具有良好形态，后者则统一解决了多连通、4点共圆和非凸域的自动三角剖分问题，逐步减少人为给定边界的影响，从而减少了算法的运行时间，据此开发的软件包可动态监控点，网格的生成过程，并经大量的测试、验证，应用于长江口北槽水域的自动加点和三角剖分，取得了较好的效果。     

乌鲁木齐河流域景观空间格局与水资源关系研究

流域景观的研究是景观生态学特别是水文生态学研究的一个非常重要的方面，流域景观的空间结构与河流的地理结构及形成具有密切的关系，在其中下游则明显受到人类高度调节和强化了的人类活动的影响，其格局带有明显的人为作用，将乌鲁木齐河流域景观分为20个景观类型，对流域景观生态空间格局的基本特点，景观嵌块体类型及人类活动和自然的关系进行分析，研究表明，景观中植被的丰富与降水呈正相关，随着人类活动的另剧，景观多样性加大，均匀性，破碎度值较大；人为活动已 变了流域下游局地景观特性，人类对流域景观的利用与管理结果是水分过度利用，荒漠化加剧，流域景观研究中应注重景观效益与水资源的合理利用，景观生态风险，并应适时进行动态监测。     

黄河断流对下游生态环境的影响研究

把黄河下游山东段分为黄河下游沿河两岸,黄河三角洲及渤海湾,莱州湾浅海区三部分进行研究,分析了黄河断流对该地区生态环境的影响,并提出了解决黄河下游断流的几何措施。     

潮河流域非点源污染关键区识别及其管理措施研究

选取SWAT模型,对潮河流域径流、泥沙及非点源污染过程进行模拟.在对模型进行率定和验证的基础上,参照土壤侵蚀模数与国家地表水环境质量标准对土壤侵蚀及总氮污染关键区进行识别.最后分别在土壤侵蚀和总氮污染关键区设置污染控制情景,对控制措施成效进行模拟和评价.结果表明,SWAT模型可以较好地模拟潮河流域水文过程和污染物迁移转化过程;流域20.9%的区域为轻度土壤侵蚀区,39.8%的区域为总氮风险区;梯田、等高耕作、退耕还林还草和减少化肥施用量等措施都不同程度地对非点源污染负荷起到一定的削减效果.     

Effects of water treatments on the activation of soil seed banks – A case study on the lower reaches of the Tarim River

Evaluation of seedling emergence is a common method used to investigate the vegetation restoration potential of soil seed banks. Previous studies have primarily been conducted in the laboratory using a single water treatment. However, when this method is used, it is difficult to optimize the water conditions for the needs of the individual species of seeds. Additionally, the germination conditions for seedlings in the laboratory are different from those in nature. To avoid these issues, we conducted experiments to activate soil seed banks in the field using different water treatments. The results revealed that: (1) generally, the number of species and quantity of seedlings decrease gradually as the water supply decreases, but that for several species most seedlings did not appear when they were provided with the greatest amount of water, and (2) different species present different germination characteristics. According to the rate of seedling emergence, the species were classified into two germination types: fast and slow. In addition, each species also had a unique climax period of emergence, which was delayed with a decrease in water supply. Therefore, the amount of water provided is vital to seedling emergence, and various water treatments should be evaluated when studying the characteristics of different species in soil seed banks. For the lower reaches of the Tarim River, the optimal soil moisture for seedling emergence ranged from 23% to 28%, and seedling conservation should be strengthened during the climax period of emergence (9–15 days from the day when water became available). These results highlight the importance of the use of an optimal water treatment and demonstrate the danger of using a single treatment method. Our results also emphasize the need for a preliminary study prior to conducting studies to evaluate seed banks.     

鄱阳湖信江流域典型县域水资源承载力研究

在分析鄱阳湖水资源利用及社会经济结构特点的基础上,构建了基于层次分析法的水资源承载力评价指标体系,以信江流域典型县域为研究对象,计算了不同经济社会发展时期研究区域水资源承载力状况。结果表明:典型县域水资源系统与其他系统协调性增强,水资源需求量不断增长但未出现超载状况;不同产业结构背景下的区域,水资源承载力存在差异,其中,贵溪市由于经济结构不同,比万年县和东乡县的水资源承载能力更强,可承载的人口规模与经济规模增长空间更大。基于层次分析法的水资源承载力评价指标体系可以较好地反映经济结构调整下区域水资源与经济社会之间的协调关系。     

双重异质性视角下城市群经济韧性的演化特征及其影响机制研究——以长三角为例

基于双重异质性视角,分析2007—2020年长三角41个城市经济韧性的演化特征及其影响机制。研究表明：长三角城市群不同阶段的经济韧性空间差异显著,且冷热点聚集区域出现了组团式动态转换;面对外来冲击时,固定投资、产业多样化、国企对经济韧性解释力较强,而出口贸易解释力波动较大;在结构调整期时,固定投资对经济韧性支撑作用减弱,三产占比、财政支撑、技术创新及人力资本水平的提高加速了产业结构升级,提高中长期经济韧性;政府通过塑造产业结构及改善技术等要素错配程度影响经济韧性。