X52管线钢的本构关系及失效判据研究

X52管线钢广泛应用于石油天然气长输管道工程,具有良好的力学特性:强度高、塑性好。其本构关系的研究确定、矩阵表达及失效判据的建立是研究的主要内容。通过对比该材料的静力拉伸实验结果和Ramberg–Osgood本构模型,发现εεP0.2时,Ramberg–Osgood本构方程能够比较准确地反映X52管线钢的拉伸应力–应变关系,但当εεP0.2时,基于Ramberg–Osgood模型所得理论本构曲线与实验结果有较大的误差。基于此,对Ramberg–Osgood本构模型做出了修正,提出了X52管线钢在单向拉伸状态下的全局二段式应力应变关系式,并建立了X52管线钢本构关系的矩阵表达式。根据X52管线钢塑性极好的特点,分别研究了塑性材料基于应力的失效判据和基于应变的失效判据,给出了X52管线钢的应变控制失效准则。     

一种与胆固醇7,8位脱氢相关蛋白的表达研究

家蚕(Bombyx mori)的Nvd-Bm蛋白是一种与胆固醇7,8–脱氢酶相关的蛋白.根据NCBI中报道的家蚕中的胆固醇7,8–脱氢酶基因序列(Gen Bank登录号:AB232986.1),采用密码子优化及基因克隆技术,扩增获得胆固醇7,8–脱氢酶目标基因nvd-Bm,并构建了重组穿梭载体p PIC9K-nvd-Bm,通过电转化,成功构建了含有p PIC9K-nvd-Bm的毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)GS115异源真核表达工程菌株.经SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳分析表明,含有p PIC9K-nvd-Bm的毕赤酵母GS115表达菌株能够成功表达目标蛋白,为胆固醇的7,8–脱氢产物即7–脱氢胆固醇的生物转化奠定了基础.     

中华鰟鮍逃逸运动的方向偏好

为考查中华鰟鮍(Rhodeus sinensis Günther)逃逸运动过程中的行为不对称性,将67尾实验鱼单独饲养,然后分别于(20±1.0)℃条件下进行10次T形迷宫实验,以确定实验鱼是否存在方向偏好(朝迷宫同一方向8次及以上则认为该实验鱼有方向偏好行为),并计算具方向偏好个体占全部实验鱼的比例;随后将上述实验在3 d后进行一次重复,以考查初次测试中具偏好个体在重复实验中是否仍保持初始方向偏好,并计算保持了初始方向偏好个体占全部实验鱼的比例。结果显示,两次测试中具方向偏好个体分别占全部实验鱼的25.4%和22.4%,其中左、右偏好分别各占9.0%、16.4%和11.9%、10.4%,两次测试之间的相对偏侧指数(Relative lateralization index,LR)没有差异(p0.05)且均呈正态分布;经一次跟踪重复测试后,保持了初始方向偏好的个体占全部实验鱼的比例由25.4%显著下降至9.0%(p0.05)。研究结果表明,实验鱼种群中存在具运动方向偏好的个体;评估该种鱼逃逸运动方向偏好需要进行跟踪重复测试;具稳定方向偏好的中华鰟鮍比例低于相关文献报道的其他鱼类,因此该种鱼的运动方向偏好可能对它的生存适合度的贡献较小。     

已交配雌性克氏原螯虾的择偶行为

动物在繁殖期间会随自身繁殖状态的变化而调整择偶行为,这会导致它们择偶的多样性.本文研究具交配经验的雌性克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)在Y型水迷宫中对不同婚配状态的潜在配偶的择偶行为.雌虾对空白与原配、童子、非童子3种信息源虾的访问总时间P值均小于0.05,结果表明雌性克氏原螯虾与原交配雄体有再次交配的显著倾向,对该现象本文从螯虾繁殖成功率方面进行了探讨;面对3种信息源虾的选择差异性的P值均大于0.05,表明雌虾不区分潜在配偶的婚配状态,本文就螯虾的择偶偏好进行了讨论,此外对螯虾定向配种方面的应用进行了初步探讨.本研究以期为克氏原螯虾的繁殖行为学的理论研究及生产实践积累具参考意义的基础数据.     

Redox condition during Ediacaran–Cambrian transition in the Lower Yangtze deep water basin,South China: constraints from iron speciation and δ~(13) Corg in the Diben section,Zhejiang

Cherts of the Piyuancun Formation and black mudstones of the Hetang Formation in Diben Town, Kaihua County, Zhejiang were deposited in a deep water basin of the Lower Yangtze area during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition(E–C transition), offering an opportunity to reconstruct the ancient redox condition of the deep water basin. Total 53 samples were collected and analyzed for iron speciation, including pyrite iron(FePy), carbonate associated iron(FeCarb), iron oxide and hydroxide(FeOx),magnetite iron(FeMag) and total iron(FeT) as well as d13 Corgto gain a deeper understanding of specific redox condition during the period. The results show that(1) most samples have pyrite concentration \1 %, with the FePy/FeHR ratio ranging from \0.01 to 0.81(mostly \0.5), and the FeHR/FeT ratio between 0.39 and 0.93(mostly [0.5).(2) The E–C boundary in the Diben section occurred at the maximum negative excursion of organic carbon isotope within the Piyuancun Formation, which can be correlated with other sections by using d13 Corg. We thus concluded that the relatively high content of highly reactive iron and low content of pyrite iron in the Diben section indicate a minor occurrence of H2 S and a predominance of anoxic and ferruginous environment, which is similar to other reported sections such as the Longbizui and Yanwutan sections, western Hunan. In addition, oxygen concentration in sea water showed an increasing trend in the interval corresponding to the bottom and upper layer of the Hetang Formation as indicated by the FeHR/FeT ratio, which decreased from 0.7 to 0.38, however, it was not great enough to oxidize the whole deep water. Therefore, during the E–C transition deep water basin in South China was most likely an anoxic and ferruginous enrironment, which prevented metazoon from the evolution in the deep water basin. Our work offers an important reference to better understanding of the spatiotemporal occurrence and dynamic processes of the ‘‘Cambrian Explosion'.     

Opening of the Longmu Co–Shuanghu–Lancangjiang ocean:constraints from plagiogranites

This paper reports new zircon U-Pb ages,and Hf isotope and whole-rock major and trace element data for Cambrian plagiogranites from the Tuobeiling ophiolite in central Qiangtang,Tibetan Plateau.Zircon SIMS and LAICP-MS U-Pb dating of the plagiogranites yield weighted mean ages of 504.8±4.2 and 491.6±1.5 Ma,respectively.The zircons from plagiogranites exhibit positive eHf(t)values(ranging from 11.46 to 15.16),indicating that the plagiogranites are derived from depleted mantle.These plagiogranites are characterized by high SiO2and Na2O,low K2O,low REE contents,and flat REE distribution patterns.These rocks have geochemical compositions typical of oceanic plagiogranite and,considered along with their petrography and field relationships,are interpreted to have derived from anatexis of hydrated amphibolites by ductile shearing during transports of the oceanic crust.The formation age of such type of plagiogranite is slightly younger than that of the associated section of oceanic crust.Thus the new results from these plagiogranites suggest that the Longmu Co–Shuanghu–Lancangjiang ocean had probably opened before the Middle Cambrian.     

婚配后雄性克氏原螯虾的择偶行为

动物在繁殖期间随自身繁殖价值的变化而调整择偶行为,从而导致它们择偶行为的多样性.本文研究具交配经验的雄性克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)在Y型水迷宫中对不同婚配状态的潜在配偶的择偶行为.结果表明:雄虾在原配一侧的总访问时间和平均访问时间极显著大于在处女虾一侧(P0.005);访问原配的次数与处女虾相比没有达到显著水平(双侧检验P=0.086),但倾向性还是偏向原配(单侧检验P=0.043).当原配不在时,雄虾随机选择潜在配偶;面对都具备交配经验的原配和非处女虾,雄虾也随机选择配偶.这说明雄虾一定程度上可以识别潜在配偶的婚配状态,推测雄虾可能通过配偶保卫策略确保父权;但雄虾的忠诚度可能会因原配的存在与否而及时改变.因此,雄虾能根据自身的婚配状态以及获取配偶的成本来调整择偶行为.     

晶体管混合π模型与网络Y参数模型的等效变换

Y参数模型是晶体管高频小信号放大电路分析中常采用的网络参数模型,以共射组态晶体管为例,通过电路转换及Y参数的定义,获得了共射组态晶体管Y参数与混合π型参数之间的关系.     

Preparation and characterizat ion of polypropylene/silica composite particl e with interpenetrating network via hot emulsion sol–gel approach

A novel interpenetrating structural ultrafine polypropylene-silica nanocomposite particles were synthesized by a modified sol–gel approach in the presence of the melt polypropylene emulsion. A series of samples with different polypropylene content was prepared to investigate the unique characteristics of this original nanocomposite. The thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the nanocomposites had the interpenetrating structure and good thermal stability,and the crystallization behavior of polypropylene was confined by the silica matrix. The interpenetrating structure of nanocomposites was also suggested by the nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement results. The scanning electronic microscope and transmission electron microscopy images indicated that the nanocomposites had irregular particle morphology. The nanoparticle tracking analysis results show that the mean size of the nanocomposites was around 160 nm. According to the results obtained from different measurements,a reasonable formation mechanism was proposed.     

Microstructure and oxidation resistance of SiC–MoSi2 multi-phase coating for SiC coated C/C composites

In order to improve the anti-oxidation of C/C composites, a SiC–MoSi2multi-phase coating for SiC coated carbon/carbon composites(C/C)was prepared by low pressure chemical vapor deposition(LPCVD) using methyltrichlorosilane(MTS) as precursor, combined with slurry painting from MoSi2 powder. The phase composition and morphology were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) methods, and the deposition mechanism was discussed. The isothermal oxidation and thermal shock resistance were investigated in a furnace containing air environment at 1500 1C. The results show that the as-prepared SiC–MoSi2coating consists of MoSi2 particles as a dispersing phase and CVD–SiC as a continuous phase. The weight loss of the coated samples is 1.51% after oxidation at 1500 1C for 90 h, and 4.79% after 30 thermal cycles between 1500 1C and room temperature. The penetrable cracks and cavities in the coating served as the diffusion channel of oxygen, resulted in the oxidation of C/C composites, and led to the weight loss in oxidation.