探月之旅

1．我国的探月计划分哪三步走？ 2．请你走一遍飞船迷宫。     

轻质化MA/ODS镍基高温合金高温氧化行为

采用机械合金化(MA)和真空烧结工艺制备了Y2O3质量分数为2%～20%的氧化物弥散强化(ODS)镍基高温合金,在1 000℃空气中对合金试样进行100h的静态氧化实验,研究了Y2O3含量对合金高温氧化性能的影响与作用机制.结果表明:适量稀土氧化物Y2O3的加入(质量分数≤5%)可促进完整Cr2O3氧化膜的形成,提高氧化膜与合金基体的附着力,改善氧化膜的抗剥落性,减缓合金在1 000℃的氧化速度,从而有效提高合金的抗高温氧化性能.但过量添加则会使其抗氧化性能迅速下降.     

克氏原螯虾8种代谢物对其引诱效果研究

克氏原螯虾Procambarus clarkii能够识别水中信息素进行求偶,明确其信息素的有效组分能为克氏原螯虾绿色治理提供理论依据。本文采用Y型水迷宫测试鸟苷-5′-单磷酸二钠、鸟苷-5′-二磷酸二钠、鸟苷-5′-三磷酸二钠、N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸、己酸孕酮、乙炔雌二醇、胆红素和4-巯基尿苷等8种化合物对克氏原螯虾选择行为的影响,筛选具有引诱作用的乙炔雌二醇和己酸孕酮进行浓度测试。结果表明：雄性克氏原螯虾对4-巯基尿苷、胆红素、N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸、鸟苷-5′-三磷酸二钠、鸟苷-5′-二磷酸二钠、鸟苷-5′-单磷酸二钠的选择反应率接近50%,选择系数在±0.15之间,引诱效果不显著(P>0.05);对乙炔雌二醇和己酸孕酮选择反应率高,分别为64.10%、63.24%,选择系数为0.28、0.26,且表现出性别上的显著差异。对雄虾,乙炔雌二醇的最低有效引诱阈值是10μmol/L,己酸孕酮的最低有效引诱阈值是100μmol/L,而雌虾对这2种化合物不敏感。因此,己酸孕酮和乙炔雌二醇对雄性克氏原螯虾具有明显的引诱效果,却对雌鳌虾无明显反应,表明己酸孕酮和乙炔雌二醇是克氏原螯虾性信息素的...     

Eu掺杂YBa2Cu3O7-δ高温超导单晶的制备与研究

本文利用自助熔剂法成功制备了一系列Eu含量不同的Y1-xEuxBa2Cu3O7-δ(x=0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0)高温超导单晶样品.实验中使用了ZrO2坩埚,有效地避免了以往Al2O3坩埚在高温下对单晶的污染.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,所有单晶样品均为Y-123结构.此外,本文还利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)在单晶的(0 0l)面观察到了圆形螺旋位错,并对掺杂引起的晶格失配和螺旋位错生长机制进行了分析和讨论.     

Redox condition during Ediacaran–Cambrian transition in the Lower Yangtze deep water basin,South China: constraints from iron speciation and δ~(13) Corg in the Diben section,Zhejiang

Cherts of the Piyuancun Formation and black mudstones of the Hetang Formation in Diben Town, Kaihua County, Zhejiang were deposited in a deep water basin of the Lower Yangtze area during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition(E–C transition), offering an opportunity to reconstruct the ancient redox condition of the deep water basin. Total 53 samples were collected and analyzed for iron speciation, including pyrite iron(FePy), carbonate associated iron(FeCarb), iron oxide and hydroxide(FeOx),magnetite iron(FeMag) and total iron(FeT) as well as d13 Corgto gain a deeper understanding of specific redox condition during the period. The results show that(1) most samples have pyrite concentration \1 %, with the FePy/FeHR ratio ranging from \0.01 to 0.81(mostly \0.5), and the FeHR/FeT ratio between 0.39 and 0.93(mostly [0.5).(2) The E–C boundary in the Diben section occurred at the maximum negative excursion of organic carbon isotope within the Piyuancun Formation, which can be correlated with other sections by using d13 Corg. We thus concluded that the relatively high content of highly reactive iron and low content of pyrite iron in the Diben section indicate a minor occurrence of H2 S and a predominance of anoxic and ferruginous environment, which is similar to other reported sections such as the Longbizui and Yanwutan sections, western Hunan. In addition, oxygen concentration in sea water showed an increasing trend in the interval corresponding to the bottom and upper layer of the Hetang Formation as indicated by the FeHR/FeT ratio, which decreased from 0.7 to 0.38, however, it was not great enough to oxidize the whole deep water. Therefore, during the E–C transition deep water basin in South China was most likely an anoxic and ferruginous enrironment, which prevented metazoon from the evolution in the deep water basin. Our work offers an important reference to better understanding of the spatiotemporal occurrence and dynamic processes of the ‘‘Cambrian Explosion'.     

泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅性腺细胞H－Y抗原的检测

以雄性小鼠脾细胞为抗原，免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠，获得了高滴度的抗Ｈ－Ｙ抗原抗体．在此基础上，利用细胞毒性实验，对泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的性腺细胞进行了Ｈ－Ｙ抗原的检测．结果表明，泥鳅中雌雄性腺细胞均含有Ｈ－Ｙ抗原；大鳞副泥鳅中，Ｈ－Ｙ抗原仅存在于雌性性腺细胞中，提示其为ＺＺ／ＺＷ型性别决定．     

迷宫密封泄漏特性的试验研究

为了研究迷宫密封泄漏特性,设计并搭建了旋转密封试验台,测量了典型迷宫密封在8种压比、5种转速、固定密封间隙下的泄漏量和密封腔室压力.通过数值模拟结果的对比分析,找出了压比、转速对迷宫密封泄漏特性和腔室压力的影响规律.研究结果表明:搭建的旋转密封试验台在迷宫密封泄漏量和密封腔室压力的测量精度上是可靠的;相比于试验结果,数值计算获得的泄漏量和腔室压力的最大相对误差分别为3.25%、3.6%,表明试验与数值结果吻合良好,数值方法可以较准确地预测迷宫密封的泄漏量和腔室压力;相同转速下的流量系数随着压比的提高而增大,小压比下的流量系数增加迅速;相同压比下的转速对流量系数的影响很小,可以忽略;迷宫密封腔室压力系数沿流动方向逐渐减小,密封腔室结构对压力系数影响很大.     

HJS型亚麻纺纱加湿剂的研究

本文介绍了ＨＪＳ型亚麻纺纱加湿剂的合成工艺，配方研究及应用性能。     

涂装车间漆雾过滤设备内流场数值模拟与设计优化

涂装车间在喷涂过程中会产生大量含有漆雾的喷涂废气,在处理喷涂废气之前需对其中的漆雾进行预过滤,在干式喷房中纸盒式漆雾过滤器由于更经济环保,越来越多地被投入使用。针对运行参数对过滤器过滤效率的影响,利用计算流体力学对折流板式纸盒过滤器的过滤效果进行了数值模拟研究,对过滤器的设计参数提出了优化建议。结果表明:设计参数对过滤器过滤效率的影响较大,过滤器对10 μm以下的漆雾颗粒过滤效率在10%~20%,过滤效率较低,对于10 μm以上的漆雾颗粒,过滤效率随粒径的增大而升高,对60 μm及以上的漆雾颗粒过滤效率达99%以上,部分大颗粒漆雾掉落至过滤器内,可实现漆雾储存;过滤器过滤效率随进口流速的增大而降低,随漆雾浓度的增大而升高,设备进出口压差随进口流速的增大而增大,但远低于喷房压阻限制。