Transient pressure analysis for the reactor core and containment of a HTGR after a primary loop pressure boundary break accident

The pressure variances in the reactor core and containment of a High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) after a primary loop pressure boundary break accident determine the structural integrity and safety of the reactor. Based on mass conservation, energy conservation and state equations, explicit formulae for the transient pressure and temperature variances in the pressure vessels were deduced, and a set of differential equations for the transient pressure and temperature variances in the containment were developed. Numerical simulation was also conducted to investigate the transient pressure and temperature variances in the pressure vessels and containment. The results show that energy transformation due to expansion work cannot be neglected. The maximum pressure in the containment could increase by 40 percent due to blockage caused by air in the containment. Detailed numerical simulations of the transient pressure and temperature variance in the reactor core flow passages were also conducted. The results show that the pressures acting on the reactor core and containment are below acceptable values.     

A brief introduction to neutron activation analysis in China

The history, the major achievements in both methodology and applications, the current trends and future perspectives of neutron activation analysis (NAA) in China are briefly described.     

SCWR for Future LargeScale Nuclear Power Generation

The ambitious nuclear power program motivates the Chinese nuclear community to develop advanced reactor concepts of generation IV, in order to ensure the longterm, stable and sustainable development of nuclear power. The supercritical watercooled reactor (SCWR) has favorable features in economics, sustainability and technology availability. It is the logical extension of the existing PWR technology and has very promising perspectives in largescale power generation in China. This paper describes the main features of SCWR. New designs of SCWR core structure and fuel assemblies are proposed. Preliminary analysis using a coupled neutronphysics/thermalhydraulics method is carried out and shows a good feasibility of the new design proposal.     

乏风瓦斯热逆流反应器的流动压力损失特性

分析了热逆流反应器压力损失的组成和机理,上下集气箱内和陶瓷床内部的摩擦阻力损失和陶瓷床进出口的局部损失,建立了各部分压力损失的相应公式并根据实验数据进行了计算.结果表明:陶瓷床进出口的局部流动损失远小于摩擦阻力损失,因此可以在损失分析时忽略以使问题简化;下集气箱中的摩擦阻力损失明显大于上集气箱和陶瓷床,并且对进口流速的增长最为敏感,在总损失中占据首位;给出了热逆流反应器的总压力损失计算公式,应用该式可对不同流量工况下的总损失进行计算.     

IC厌氧反应器处理马铃薯淀粉废水特征研究

采用IC(厌氧内循环)法,通过自行研制的IC反应器,研究了马铃薯淀粉废水处理效果,结果表明:初次启动历时25 d,二次启动仅仅历时6d,COD去除率均可保持在80％以上;反应器所能耐受的最大有积负荷为40.57 kg COD/(m3·d);最经济有效的停留时间为5h,最佳负荷为28.75 kg COD/(m3·d).     

CuZnAl双功能催化剂上一步法合成二甲醚的工艺研究

探讨TC301／γ-Al2O3和C207／γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂上合成气一步法制取二甲醚的反应,考察了催化剂浓度、原料气氢碳比和搅拌转速对一氧化碳转化率和二甲醚收率的影响．结果表明：在浆态床反应器内,催化剂C301的催化效果优于C207,且催化剂最佳浓度为7．27％;在300r／min搅拌转速下,外扩散阻力的影响基本可以消除;当原料气氢碳比为1．0时,二甲醚收率最大,进而提出利用富碳合成气生产二甲醚是缓解能源问题和减少能源污染的一条新途径．     

COD/N对亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化脱氮的影响

采用序批式活性污泥法,对人工配制的城市污水,通过控制泥龄成功实现亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化,并考察了不同COD/N对亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化效果的影响.试验结果显示:适宜的泥龄下,在控制适宜的pH、DO及COD:N为6.5左右的条件下,COD、氨氮和总氮的去除率分别可达90%~95%、99%左右、90%以上.因此,适宜的泥龄时,控制反应器内适宜的COD/N,可以使亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化取得很好的效果.     

高压电场中陶粒填充床对亚甲基兰的脱色效能

考察了高压脉冲电场中陶粒填充床对于亚甲基兰的脱色效能.实验结果表明,在高压脉冲电场与陶粒的相互作用下,亚甲基兰得到了有效去除.当反应条件为电压25 kV,通入空气流量为270 mL/min,亚甲基兰溶液初始质量浓度为5 mg/L,流速为40 mL/min,在反应180 min时,去除率稳定在78%左右.随着电压的增加,流速的减小,亚甲基兰初始质量浓度的减小和空气的通入,亚甲基兰的去除率都得到增加.在高压脉冲电场下,陶粒的存在增强了电场强度,同时放电过程也增强了陶粒对于亚甲基兰的吸附,二者的相互作用促进了亚甲基兰的降解.     

IC+SBR处理抗生素废水脱氮效果研究

采用IC+SBR组合工艺处理高浓度抗生素废水,结果表明,抗生素废水进入IC反应器后,得到有效的水解发酵,将有机氮充分转化为氨氮,厌氧出水经过SBR反应器处理后出水氨氮质量浓度降低到30 mg/L,有时甚至在20 mg/L以下,去除率高达80%,出水水质良好.     

填充床放电等离子体反应器对铜绿微囊藻的去除

研究了多根高压电极型填充床放电等离子体反应器对铜绿微囊藻光密度的去除.探讨了高压电极材料、气量、峰值电压和脉冲频率对填充床放电等离子体反应器中铜绿微囊藻光密度去除的影响.结果表明:高压电极材料对铜绿微囊藻光密度的去除不太明显;铜绿微囊藻光密度去除率在处理当天随气量、峰值电压、频率增加而增强的作用效果不明显;而是在放置培养期间,铜绿微囊藻生长受抑制的程度加强,光密度去除率增加.