尼龙48的Brill转变

采用变温X射线衍射和DSC-XRD同时测定的方法,研究尼龙48在升温和降温过程中发生的Brill转变现象.根据DSC-XRD同时测定的结果,提出了尼龙48的Brill转变的分子机理.研究结果表明,尼龙48与尼龙66一样,加热时,由室温下的三斜晶型(α)转变为高温下的假六方晶型(β);冷却时,β晶型转变成α晶型.尼龙48的Brill转变温度(tBrill)是210 ℃.当t＜tBrill时,一种三斜晶型(α1)变成另一种三斜晶型(α2);在t=tBrill时,由于氢键面间层的滑移,瞬间转变成β晶型.     

HG785高强钢焊接残余应力试验研究

利用X-射线法对HG785高强度钢焊接残余应力进行了测试,得到了该材料焊后残余应力的大小及分布规律;并探索了不同深度方向焊接残余应力分布特点。通过试验发现经对接施焊后,表面残余应力主要表现为残余拉应力,最大幅值可达760.4 MPa,为试验件材料屈服强度的92.2%,几乎接近屈服强度。试验结果表明,内部残余应力较表面应力有所降低,在焊缝中心的残余应力值降幅较小;而在远离焊缝中心区域的应力值降幅明显,部分区域甚至出现了残余压应力。     

乳腺X线机检定方法研究

乳腺X线机是临床医疗常用仪器,其性能直接关系到病人的生命安全。本文介绍了乳腺X线机的原理和相关参数的检定方法。     

Role of humidity on the structures and properties of regenerated silk fibers

Silk fiber was processed from highly concentrated spinning dope to solid fibers along with water removal. To understand the mechanism of water removal during silk fiber spinning process, a microfluidic chip was designed and applied to investigate the structures and mechanical properties of two kinds of regenerated silk fibroin fibers dry-spun at different relative humidity. The experimental results showed that the diameters of the fibers spun at 40% RH are always larger than the fibers spun at 50% RH due to different removal rates of water. The fibers spun at low humidity contain more β-sheet structure and lower degree of chain orientation and crystalline orientation. These results indicate that the fast phase transition of silk fibroin from sol–gel to silk fiber undergoes with rapid water removal and higher fiber orientation relates to more residue water and drawing force.     

用相对论电子束产生低能X射线新方案

本文设计了一种利用已有相对论电子束（REB）装置产生系统电磁脉冲效应研究所需X射线源的新方案．从理论上验证了其可行性．该方案将在随后开展的实验中得到实施．     

X射线衍射分析技术课程的实验教学研究

对X射线衍射分析技术课程的实验教学内容及所开设的实验进行了研究与探讨,通过衍射分析系列实验,使学生了解X射线衍射分析技术的应用范围,掌握其基本的表达方式与分析方法,学会正确分析基本的XRD衍射图谱,获得准确的材料结构信息,为学生今后从事材料研究与开发打下坚实的基础。     

Comparison of the accuracy of powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in determining organic crystal structure

This study demonstrates the accuracy of pow- der X-ray diffraction （PXRD） in determining the crystal structures of four organic molecules by comparing the structural information obtained from both single-crystal X-ray diffraction （SXRD） and PXRD techniques. Results showed that the PXRD technique had approximately the same precision as the SXRD technique. The majority of the relative deviations from PXRD-derived lattice parameters were within 4-0.2 % of the correct values （average of the SXRD data）, whereas the relative deviations in bond lengths and angles are within 4-1,0 %, All of the relative deviations were subjected to normal statistical distributions （# = 0） and coincided with the SXRD data. As an auxiliary implement of SXRD, PXRD is clearly an effective and powerful technique in establishing an accurate character- ization of organic molecules.     

Compression behavior of Sm）2Ti2O7-pyrochlore up to 50 GPa：single-crystal X-ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at pressures up to 50 GPa has been employed to study the compression behavior of Sm2Ti2O7-pyrochlore. In contrast to earlier reports, we observed no pressure-induced amorphization or pressure-induced anion disorder up to 50 GPa. The experimental study has been complemented by density functional theory-based calculations. A combination of the theoretical and experimental data yields a bulk modulus of 185 GPa, significantly higher than a value which had been reported earlier. In comparison to earlier work, the current study provides more reliable data due to the use of neon as a pressure medium, which provides a more hydrostatic pressure than the aluminum, which had been employed as a pressure medium in the earlier studies. An analysis of the compressibility of Al2B2O7 pyrochlores shows an approximately linear dependence of the bulk modulus on the unit cell volume.     

Densification behavior of mechanically milled Cu–8 at% Cr alloy and its mechanical and electrical properties

Synthesis and consolidation behavior of Cu–8 at%Cr alloy powders made by mechanical alloying with elemental Cu and Cr powders,and subsequently,compressive and electrical properties of the consolidated alloys were studied.Solid solubility of Cr in Cu during milling,and subsequent phase transformations during sintering and heat treatment of sintered components were analyzed using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The milled powders were compacted applying three different pressures(200 MPa,400 MPa and 600 MPa)and sintered in H2atmosphere at 900 1C for 30 min and at 1000 1C for 1 h and 2 h.The maximum densification(92.8%)was achieved for the sample compacted at 600 MPa and sintered for 1000 1C for 2 h.Hardness and densification behavior further increased for the compacts sintered at 900 1C for 30 min after rolling and annealing process.TEM investigation of the sintered compacts revealed the bimodal distribution of Cu grains with nano-sized Cr and Cr2O3precipitation along the grain boundary as well as in grain interior.Pinning of grain boundaries by the precipitates stabilized the fine grain structure in bimodal distribution.     

熔融制样-X线荧光光谱测定Al_2O_3中Fe_2O_3,SiO_2,Na_2O的含量

应用熔融制样-X线荧光光谱法测定Al2O3中主要杂质Fe2O3,Si O2和Na2O的含量。采用Li2B4O7挂壁制备熔剂坩埚,分散剂溶解并分散Al2O3样品,蒸干过量水分后加混合熔剂(Li2B4O7∶Li BO2以12∶22的质量比混合),低温蒸干,并加热熔融制成厚度为2.5 mm的玻璃状熔片,用X线荧光光谱仪对Al2O3中Fe,Si,Na等元素同时进行测定。通过对此方法精密度及精确度的考核,其测量结果与化学值相吻合,三者杂质的标准偏差均小于10%,测定值与已知值之间的误差均符合标准规定。