Natural diversity: A neo-essentialist misconstrual of homeostatic property cluster theory in natural kind debates

In natural kind debates, Boyd's famous Homeostatic Property Cluster theory (HPC) is often misconstrued in two ways: Not only is it thought to make for a normative standard for natural kinds, but also to require the homeostatic mechanisms underlying nomological property clusters to be uniform. My argument for the illegitimacy of both overgeneralizations, both on systematic as well as exegetical grounds, is based on the misconstrued view's failure to account for functional kinds in science. I illustrate the combination of these two misconstruals with recent entries into the natural kind debate about emotions. Finally, I examine and reject Stich's “Kornblith-Devitt method” as a potential justification of these misconstruals.     

西北太平洋热带气旋气候特征及其变化研究的若干进展

为了对我国气象工作者全面了解和参与热带气旋的研究有所帮助,在大量阅读和调研的基础上,介绍了近20年西北太平洋热带气旋活动在季节、年际和年代际尺度上研究的若干主要成果.重点阐述了EN-SO与热带气旋的关系,温室效应热带气旋的数值模拟和观测研究等的最新动态.     

Terrestrial isopods and myriapods in a forested scree slope: subterranean biodiversity,depth gradient and annual dynamics

Diversity, depth distribution and seasonal activity of isopods and myriapods were studied using subterranean traps buried in a forested limestone scree slope in the ?ierna Hora Mts, Western Carpathians, Slovakia, throughout the depth gradient from 5 to 95 cm. A total of five isopod, 13 diplopod and 11 chilopod species were identified. Most edaphic species strongly preferred the uppermost organic soil layers. Among the species captured, some represented rare stenoecous Carpathian endemics, namely the isopod Trichoniscus carpaticus, and diplopods Julus curvicornis and Leptoiulus mariae. Others were subterranean forms, partly adapted to hypogean conditions: the isopod Mesoniscus graniger, and diplopods Mecogonopodium carpathicum and Trachysphaera costata. The annual activity in the vast majority of the species ceased completely in winter, and was gradually relaunched in spring. In evaluating the age structure of two predominant diplopods Polydesmus denticulatus and Mecogonopodium carpathicum, both widespread across the depth gradient, a vertical segregation of early post-embryonic stages was found. While P. denticulatus tended to undergo the early stages of development in the soil-filled topmost levels, the early juvenile stage of M. carpathicum was distributed deep in the scree slope profile.     

Making the abstract concrete: The role of norms and values in experimental modeling

Experimental modeling is the construction of theoretical models hand in hand with experimental activity. As explained in Section 1, experimental modeling starts with claims about phenomena that use abstract concepts, concepts whose conditions of realization are not yet specified; and it ends with a concrete model of the phenomenon, a model that can be tested against data. This paper argues that this process from abstract concepts to concrete models involves judgments of relevance, which are irreducibly normative. In Section 2, we show, on the basis of several case studies, how these judgments contribute to the determination of the conditions of realization of the abstract concepts and, at the same time, of the quantities that characterize the phenomenon under study. Then, in Section 3, we compare this view on modeling with other approaches that also have acknowledged the role of relevance judgments in science. To conclude, in Section 4, we discuss the possibility of a plurality of relevance judgments and introduce a distinction between locally and generally relevant factors.     

基于马斯洛需要层次论的图书馆人本管理

运用马斯洛的需要层次理论,探讨了图书馆管理的有效性,并试图通过构建以人为本的激励管理模式,激发图书馆员工作的积极性、主动性和创造性。     

柳永词的用典及其诗化倾向

考察《乐章集》,我们发现其各类题材用典的频率都较高,特别是都市题材的词作用典频率更高。柳永作为第一个专职词人,因其在创作时大量运用典故,使词具有了＂诗化＂、＂雅化＂倾向,使＂词＂逐渐被文人认可而登上＂大雅＂之堂。     

典型信息法：中西文化互补与科学技术创新案例

记述笔者提出"典型信息法"假说,以中西文化互补的一种新形式,初步解决当代一项科学技术难题,经大量应用验证,得到国内外承认的心路历程;为中国传统文化与"象思维"在当代科学技术原始性创新中的关键作用,提供一个案例.     

传承与超越——白盾新时期红学理论的贡献

虽然以往的红学研究不乏真知灼见,但它们大都专注一个或数个具体问题。在继承前人成果的基础上,白盾就小说主题、作者研究、版本比较提出一系列有违传统的新观点,最大程度地接近了曹雪芹和《红楼梦》的本真。这正是他新时期红学理论的最大贡献。     

文学“艺象形态”性的心理发生学研究

针对占主导地位的文学是"社会意识形态"或文学是"审美意识形态"所提出的文学是"艺象形态"论,还可以通过文艺心理学、审美心理学与儿童心理学进行更进一步的证明,这说明将文学定位于"艺象形态"上具有充足的理由与依据。     

西方修辞体系中的后现代反语研究探析

西方修辞体系中Kenneth Burke的反语辞格观意义重大,后现代时期的无限反语思想引起了众多的讨论和批评,反映了当代主体性的存在。当今多元社会的言语、思想和存在等表面潜势通过无限反语来宣示他们自身,因而,现代西方修辞学者们热衷于以反语为研究主题,其旨在发掘和构筑修辞在现代社会生活中的参与活动及其所起的作用。