Making the abstract concrete: The role of norms and values in experimental modeling

Experimental modeling is the construction of theoretical models hand in hand with experimental activity. As explained in Section 1, experimental modeling starts with claims about phenomena that use abstract concepts, concepts whose conditions of realization are not yet specified; and it ends with a concrete model of the phenomenon, a model that can be tested against data. This paper argues that this process from abstract concepts to concrete models involves judgments of relevance, which are irreducibly normative. In Section 2, we show, on the basis of several case studies, how these judgments contribute to the determination of the conditions of realization of the abstract concepts and, at the same time, of the quantities that characterize the phenomenon under study. Then, in Section 3, we compare this view on modeling with other approaches that also have acknowledged the role of relevance judgments in science. To conclude, in Section 4, we discuss the possibility of a plurality of relevance judgments and introduce a distinction between locally and generally relevant factors.     

What’s so special about model organisms?

This paper aims to identify the key characteristics of model organisms that make them a specific type of model within the contemporary life sciences: in particular, we argue that the term “model organism” does not apply to all organisms used for the purposes of experimental research. We explore the differences between experimental and model organisms in terms of their material and epistemic features, and argue that it is essential to distinguish between their representational scope and representational target. We also examine the characteristics of the communities who use these two types of models, including their research goals, disciplinary affiliations, and preferred practices to show how these have contributed to the conceptualization of a model organism. We conclude that model organisms are a specific subgroup of organisms that have been standardized to fit an integrative and comparative mode of research, and that it must be clearly distinguished from the broader class of experimental organisms. In addition, we argue that model organisms are the key components of a unique and distinctively biological way of doing research using models.     

在建核电厂接地安装工程的质量控制探讨

在建核电厂接地系统安装工程的质量控制要以预防为主，要将以往只对质量的事后检查把关，转向对质量的事前控制、事中控制中．最后才是事后检查。唯有认真把好每一道工序、每一个环节质量关，才能保证整个工程的质量。     

基于ASP．NET的稿件管理系统的设计与实现

本文基于ASP．NET三层架构技术，提出并实现了稿件的整体管理解决方案，并着重研究了稿件管理系统中稿件的查询和稿件处理单报表下载等关键技术。     

社会责任与合作治污对企业治污效用影响

结合湖域初始排污权配置背景,从多利益相关者合作角度构建了企业治污效用凸博弈模型,给出基于减排率差异性的CSR-企业治污收益模型、基于治污技术差异性的同行业企业间合作治污的PCTC-企业治污成本分摊模型。进而以太湖流域氨氮初始排污权配置为例,在求解多主体Shapley值的基础上,结合江苏省张家港市10家纺织企业数据进行实证研究。结果表明:CSR同企业减排率之间具有显著拟线性关系与倍增响应关系,对企业收益具有正相关影响;PCTC可有效减少合作企业治污边际成本,对保障合作稳定性、促进多利益主体合作具有积极作用;推广CSR与PCTC有助于提高我国工业企业参与排污权交易积极性,对推进湖域排污权交易机制构建具有重要意义。     

地方本科院校音乐系核心竞争力研究——基于“钻石模型”

核心竞争力无论对于企业还是高等院校都是重要的。地方本科院校音乐系核心竞争力是其形成独特个性和持续获得竞争优势的能力,具有扩展性、核心性、独特性和动态性特征。文章借助钻石模型对地方本科院校音乐系核心竞争力的构成要素进行分析,并提出构建地方本科院校音乐系核心竞争力的建议。     

模型势MCP应用于分子间相互作用的研究

使用模型势MCP计算了含重元素的氢键和vail der Waals相互作用体系的几何结构与结合能。结果表明，在MP2水平，应用MCP基组研究分子间相互作用时，可以使用Boys和Bernardi提出的均衡校正法进行基函数重叠误差（BSSE）校正；与同一水平的全电子基组相比，经BSSE校正后的结合能AEcP平均相对误差为5．2％，结果准确，但是BSSE普遍较大；使用MCP基组的计算时间远小于全电子基组，MCP方法的效率随原子的电子层数增加而提高。     

关于机器证明

本文简介机器证明的理论与实践．并附一篇关于用模型论方法证明无限地图的四色定理．     

多元智能理论在高职英语教育教学中的运用

在高职英语教育教学中运用多元智能理论,倡导因材施教的个性化教学观,实施动态的、多元化的科学评价观,可以提高课堂教学效率,促进学生全面发展。在多元智能理论本土化的过程中,应该树立科学的教育思想,正确处理相关矛盾。     

建筑钢结构构件加工过程的质量控制

建筑钢结构有着单重轻、可预制、结构细长、易运输等特点,所以在质量控制方面表现出了与常规钢结构不同的一些质量要点,结合近些年国内外在建筑钢结构质量控制方面的发展及部分项目质量控制实例,简要介绍建筑钢结构构件加工过程的质量控制。