旋转射流钻头的叶轮设计

旋转射流钻头是一种新型高效水力破岩钻头，作为旋流发生器的叶轮，其性能直接影响破岩效果．文中分析了旋转射流钻头的内流场，在此基础上提出叶轮设计目标和要求，证明了对圆柱形叶轮，不存在既无径向流又等旋度的叶轮参数．同时，运用翼型绕流理论，推导出有关叶轮长度、半径、叶片安放角等参数与射流喷嘴直径、扩散角、旋度之间的关系式，分析并确定了叶片工作性能与来流压力的关系式．运用实例说明了这些公式的使用以及叶轮段水头损失的估算方法，可为叶轮的设计提供理论指导．     

高温水采暖在机械工厂的应用

本文提出机械工厂应用高温水采的优越性。论述了高温水热媒参数的确定；高温热水采暖系统的定压方式；补给水泵与循环水泵的选定以及高温水系统的安全保护装置。     

底水稠油油藏水平井含水规律预测方法

针对底水稠油油藏水平井出水位置难以确定的问题,通过建立底水稠油油藏物理及数学模型,利用Green函数、Newman乘积方法和叠加原理推导底水稠油油藏水平井非均匀产液的压力响应解析解,采用Stehfest数值反演算法得到考虑井筒储集效应和表皮效应的底水稠油油藏水平井分段产液试井井底压力解.通过绘制水平井分段试井典型图版,进行流动阶段划分及分析,进而得到不同生产段长度、生产段数目、生产段位置分布、流量分布等影响因素影响规律,并绘制相关解释图版.矿场应用实例验证了研究结果的有效性及广阔的应用前景.     

水中苯和甲苯挥发速率的研究

通过对苯和甲苯在纯物质状态和溶液状态下挥发损失量的测定,计算出自然状态下苯和甲苯在水中的挥发速率常数.实验结果表明,在室温20℃、静态条件,因为其本身性质的不同,苯的挥发速率及其挥发量都在甲苯之上.但由于甲苯的饱和蒸汽压在20℃时仅为22 Pa,比苯的低了很多,更易达到平衡,从而使得甲苯的挥发速率常数1.67 mg/(min.m2)比苯的0.78 mg/(min.m2)大.     

Magnetic field induced synthesis of (Ni,Zn)Fe2O4 spinel nanorod for enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction

Recently, the introduction of external fields(light, thermal, magnetism, etc.) during electrocatalysis reactions gradually becomes a new strategy to modulate the catalytic activities. In this work, an external magnetic field was innovatively employed for the synthesis progress of(Ni, Zn)Fe₂O₄spinel oxide(M-(Ni, Zn)Fe₂O₄). Results indicated the magnetic field(≤250 m T) would affect the morphology of catalyst due to the existing Fe ions, inducing the M-(...     

FeCo-based hybrid MOF derived active species for effective oxygen evolution

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) have been regarded as promising catalyst materials due to the richness of coordinately unsaturated metal sites on the surface,which can act as catalytic active centres.In this study,a hybrid MOF material composed of Fe-based MOF and Co-based MOF was prepared with the involvement of graphene oxide nanosheets as additive.It was demonstrated that the hybrid MOF materials showed much higher electro-catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution than the single-phase counterparts.To drive current density of 10 mA cm~(-2),the hybrid CoFe-based MOF only needed an over potential of 290 mV in 1 M KOH.The catalytic activity could sustain for a longer time with only slight current density decrease.During oxygen evolution operation,the MOF catalyst evolved into catalytic active species but kept well the microscale sheet-like structure.It is thus believed that this study will provide an avenue for the development of advanced electrocatalysts.     

严寒地区屠宰废水处理改造扩建工程设计

针对原有屠宰废水处理工艺存在问题及应对严寒地区低温环境,采用ABR＋SBR＋BAF工艺,对原污水处理设施进行改造扩建,运行结果表明COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N去除率可分别达到97.7%、98.4%、98.25%、95.38%,出水达到《肉类加工工业水污染物综合排放标准》中肉制品加工一级排放标准。冬季运行成本为2.31元/t。     

Theoretical advances of the structures and catalytic activities of small-sized gold nanoclusters

Gold nanoclusters exhibit extraordinary catalytic activities,but the dominating factor is still unclear due to the complexity of the structures.In this review,we briefly summarized the recent theoretical progress on their structures and catalytic activities.Combining the experimental and theoretical efforts,the structures of small-sized gold clusters have been explored systematically.Based on the determined structures,factors that influence the catalytic capabilities of small-sized gold clusters(Au_(16)-Au_(35))are studied using CO oxidation asa probe.The preadsorption energies of CO and O_2are found strongly correlated with catalytic activities,which could be affected by the clusters'geometries,sizes,and charge distributions.In addition,the presence of water could significantly lower the activation energy barrier of O_2 dissociation to enhance the clusters'catalytic activities.     

滨海盐渍土脱盐动态规律及其效果评价——野外灌水脱盐模拟实验研究

通过野外大型土柱脱盐实验以及淋洗前后土壤盐分、离子组成的对比分析 ,探讨了滨海盐渍土水盐运移的动态规律 ,提出了淋洗定额的参考数值 ,并对脱盐效果进行了检验与评价。结果表明 :随灌水量的增加 ,土壤上层脱盐迅速 ,中、下层在盐峰过后才能进行脱盐阶段 ,盐峰的形成、下移与消失过程体现了土壤盐分自上而下逐层传递的动态特征 ;土层越深 ,盐峰下移速度越慢 ,持续期越长 ,脱盐难度则越大 ;阳离子易于溶脱的顺序是Mg2 +>Na+>Ca2 +>K+,阴离子为Cl- >SO2 - 4 >HCO- 3 ,HCO- 3 含量未减 ,反增加了 1 1 1 .8%～ 1 42 .7% ,pH升高 ,土壤肥力水平有所下降。因此 ,脱盐后的土壤培肥、土性改良及抑盐改碱等配套措施至关重要     

高压低渗油藏层间精细挖潜的做法及认识

文东油田文13西块位于东濮凹陷中央隆起带文留构造东翼,目前已进入高含水开发后期。受湖泊-三角洲沉积影响,储层层间非均质性严重,层间动用差异大。为此,1992年开始进行层系细分加密调整,取得了较好的开发效果,2000年以后,层系打乱,油水井大段合注合采,开发效果逐年变差,针对开发中存在的主要问题,2007年在剩余油研究的基础上,通过压缩开发层段,缩小开发井距,井网重组等,开发对象向二类层转移。