北冰洋环境快速变化与生态响应*

随着全球变暖的加剧,北冰洋环境正在发生快速变化,水温升高、夏季海冰覆盖面积和海冰储量下降、淡水输入增加、盐度下降、海水酸化现象初现,导致原本依托海冰生存的北冰洋生态系统遭受前所未有的冲击。已有研究表明,与冰相关生物的生存状况正在恶化,初级生产者个体呈现小型化趋势,冰藻减少影响底栖生物产量,亚北极种入侵。由于北极环境和生态系统变化远超预期,而人类对生态系统、特别是北冰洋中心区的了解非常有限,如何尽快建立观测体系、加强对生态系统的了解、预测潜在的变化成为未来的重要课题。     

Winkler地基上变厚度自由矩形板固有频率的Galerkin解法

采用挠度试函数,给出用Galerkin法求解Winkler弹性地基上四边自由的变厚度矩形板的自振频率方程和算式。     

青海省木里煤田煤系页岩气生烃条件分析

结合大地构造背景和沉积相分析,基于钻孔资料进行暗色泥页岩及粉砂岩等的厚度统计,研究了青海省木里煤田聚乎更矿区泥页岩的空间展布特征。并通过木里煤田煤（岩）样热解实验、镜质体反射率实验,从有机质丰度、类型、成熟度等一系列地化特征方面,分析木里煤田生成页岩气的烃源岩的生烃能力。结果表明：木里煤田含煤岩系纯泥岩厚度百分比大于10％,细碎屑岩在地层中的百分比为31．98％～53．69％;该区泥页岩的有机质丰度为0．520％～86．060％,有机质成熟度0．740％～1．851％,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型干酪根。该研究对评价页岩气资源和促进木里煤田资源综合开发具有重要意义。     

Response of downstream sediment to water resource development in mainstream of the Lancang River

The impact of hydropower cascades of the Lancang River on downstream sedimentation has become one of the key problems in the research of the transboundary water resource development and its possible environmental effects. In this paper, the newest sediment data series spanning 17 years （1987-2003） at Yunjinghong hydrometric station and Chiang Saen hydrometric station, in northern Thailand, are analyzed to reveal these effects. Monthly mean sediment concentration data of the two stations are compared in-phase and yearly series are analyzed by the method of correlation and regression analysis and causality test. The analysis result shows that, though both of them are located at lower reaches of Manwan and Dachaoshan hydropower stations which are already constructed and in use, the sediment responses of the two stations are different under the regulation of the hydropower stations Annual series at Yunjinghong station are positively correlated but do not match well with those at Chiang Saen station. In addition, the results of Granger causality test on the time series also suggest that the series of maximum monthly mean sediment concentration of the Yunjinghong station each year may give cause for the ones of Chiang Saen station, while the series of minimum monthly mean sediment concentration each year and annual mean sediment concentration of Yunjinghong do not evidently give cause for the ones of the other station. Undoubtedly, this discovery will provide new evidences to assess the impacts of cascades construction in mainstream of the Lancang River on the variation of downstream sediment and its transboundary effects.     

火电厂蒸汽管道的弹塑性蠕变损伤本构模型研究

针对火电厂中蒸汽管道与汽包一类承压部件常用耐热钢材,由于长时间承受高温高压使用,处于蠕应变Ⅱ阶段过程中,发生弹塑性蠕变损伤问题,给出完整的损伤本构描述,建立起弹塑性蠕变损伤本构模型及其数值变分原理与有限元离散化形式,从而形成完整的数值变分新方法。     

一种基于纹理补偿的图像恢复方法

基于TV模型的图像修复方法对非纹理图像有较好的恢复效果,但对带纹理的图像,很容易将纹理磨掉。本文从原图像中提取纹理,针对纹理作恢复处理,再将恢复后的纹理信息补偿到TV模型输出的图像上。实验结果表明这种方法大大提高了视觉效果。     

实心狭叶方竹秆形特性及变异规律研究

竹子的秆形结构研究对竹林资源产量测算和秆材的利用等具有重要的意义．本文对实心狭叶方竹的秆形特性及变异规律进行了研究．实心狭叶方竹平均秆高为116．9cm,最高可达257．0cm;地径一般在1cm以下,平均为0．495cm,最大可达1．58cm;节间长一般为5—18cm,平均为11．1cm,最长达20．2cm;枝下高一般小于70cm,平均为44．1cm．竹秆的地径与秆高、枝下高、竹秆重量、节间数等特征的相关性极为显著,其相关系数分别为：0．949,0．971,0．921,0．886,三次方程最能反映地径与秆高、枝下高、秆重、节间数等特征的相关性,不同于其他竹种的研究结果．节间长度在竹秆中随着秆轴的升高表现出逐渐升高→基本稳定→逐渐下降的规律．结果表明,不同竹子其秆形各因子之间的变化规律性不强,其研究还需进一步深入．     

蒙古族、汉族大学生皮褶发育研究

为比较蒙古族和汉族大学生皮褶发育状况,对282名蒙古族和255名汉族大学生的肱三头肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶、髂前上棘皮褶和腓肠肌皮褶厚度进行了测量,计算了两处皮褶和、肩胛下/肱三头肌皮褶,并对各指标进行了民族间比较.结果发现,汉族男生的肱三头肌皮褶厚度、肩胛下皮褶与两处皮褶和显著高于蒙古族男生,女生之间各项指标无显著差异,提示汉族男生的体脂发育优于蒙古族,而汉族与蒙古族女生的体脂发育状况整体上比较接近.     

Simulations of seasonal variations of stable water isotopes in land surface process model CLM

In this study, we simulated and analyzed the monthly variations of stable water isotopes in different reservoirs at Manaus, Brazil, using the Community Land Model （CLM） that incorporates stable isotopic effects as a diagnostic tool for understanding stable water isotopic processes, filling the observational data gaps and predicting hydrometeorological processes. The simulation results show that the δ^18O values in precipitation, vapor and surface runoff have distinct seasonality with the marked negative correlations with corresponding water amount. Compared with the survey results by the International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA） in co-operation with the World Meteorological Organization （WMO）, the simulations by CLM reveal the similar temporal distributions of the δ^18O in precipitation. Moreover, the simulated amount effect between monthly δ^18O and monthly precipitation amount, and MWL （meteoric water line） are all close to the measured values. However, the simulated seasonal difference in the δ^18O in precipitation is distinctly smaller than observed one, and the simulated temporal distribution of the δ^18O in precipitation displays the ideal bimodal seasonality rather than the observed single one. These mismatches are possibly related to the simulation capacity and the veracity in forcing data.     

PMSM的高精度感应电势状态观测器与位置估计

提出了永磁同步电动机考虑参数变化时精确的感应电势关系式新模型,建立了微分型和非微分型两种高精度感应电势观测器,证明了感应电势观测器的稳定性和收敛性,分析了参数变动对位置估计的影响.针对无位置传感器矢量控制系统,以内埋式永磁同步电动机为例进行了仿真实验研究,结果表明设计的感应电势状态观测器具有优良的性能.