ICP—AES在濒危植物长序榆营养生态学中的应用

设立九龙山自然保护区（JL1、JL2）和松阳（SY）3个代表性样地,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP—AES）,测定了长序榆根、茎、皮和叶内的金属元素含量,并与土壤中对应的金属元素进行了相关性研究。结果表明,长序榆不同器官内的金属元素含量存在一定的差异,各元素含量在不同器官中的变化趋势和变异程度呈现不一致现象。大部分元素的含量虽然在种群间存在一定的差异,但差异没有达到显著水平;Mn、Ni、Ba3种元素的含量在种群之间存在显著差异。Mg、Mn、Ba、Ni、T15种元素的含量相对于植物体内其他元素与土壤各元素间相关性显著,Ca和Th均有很大的富集系数,表明长序榆植株内金属元素的分布和土壤元素存在相关性,且土壤中一些能被长序榆高度富集的微量元素的作用不能被忽视,需更加深入地研究。同时也表明,ICP—AES法在濒危植物金属元素含量与土壤的相关性研究方面具有广泛的应用前景。实验基于营养条件对物种濒危机制和保育策略进行的研究,将为濒危植物的保护开辟一条新的途径。     

涝渍胁迫下杨树内源激素及其它生理反应

试验表明,涝渍胁迫时三种美洲黑杨无性系叶片脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）、蛋白质以及基茎乙烯含量比对照有显著提高,而叶片玉米素核苷（ＺＲ）含量却明显低于对照,无性系之间的各性状表现存在一定差异。综合生长状况认为,ＡＢＡ、乙烯含量增加易导致叶片衰老、气孔关闭,但不是简单的生长抑制,它们可以促进不定根的形成,从而促使ＺＲ含量提高,这些特性对涝渍缺氧条件下,植物生存和生长尤为重要。研究表明,苗木抗涝能力大小与ＡＢＡ、乙烯、ＺＲ以及蛋白质等性状在涝渍胁迫下的反应敏感度,以及能否在较短的时间内得以恢复的能力有一定关系,反应早,恢复快,则苗木抗性强。比较三种杨树无性系生理性状及生长状况认为,Ｉ６９杨在涝胁迫下表现最好,Ｉ３５１杨在渍胁迫下,生长最佳。     

Construction of a BAC library from cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） and identification of linkage group specific clones

A bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） library consisting of 19,200 clones with an average insert size of 105 kb has been constructed from a cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） inbred line S94, derived from a cultivar in North China. The entire library was equivalent to approximately 5 haploid cucumber genomes. To facilitate chromosome engineering and anchor the cucumber genetic linkage map to its chromosomes, 15 sequence-characterized amplified regions （SCAR） and seven simple sequence repeats （SSR） markers from each linkage group of cucumber were used to screen an ordered array of pooled BAC DNA with polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Fifteen markers gave at least two positive clones. As a result, 22 BAC clones representing 7 linkage groups of cucumber were identified, which further validated the genome coverage and utility of the library. This BAC library and linkage group specific clones provide essential resources for future research of the cucumber genome.     

Construction of a BAC library from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and identification of linkage group specific clones

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library consisting of 19,200 clones with an average insert size of 105 kb has been constructed from a cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) inbred line S94; derived from a cultivar in North China. The entire library was equivalent to approximately 5 haploid cucumber genomes. To facilitate chromosome engineering and anchor the cucumber genetic linkage map to its chromosomes, 15 sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCAR) and seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers from each linkage group of cucumber were used to screen an ordered array of pooled BAC DNA with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifteen markers gave at least two positive clones. As a result, 32 BAC clones representing 7 linkage groups of cucumber were identified, which further validated the genome coverage and utility of the library. This BAC library and linkage group specific clones provide essential resources for future research of the cucumber genome.     

油茶无性系丰产性状和稳定性分析

油茶无性系的丰产性状和稳定性是油茶育种的核心要素。笔者采用浙江金华、江西贵溪和樟树、贵州黎平等4个试验点的12个油茶无性系单株产量数据,应用联合方差分析,G×E互作分析和AMMI模型分析等方法分析基因型与环境互作效应及鉴别力,并用双标图方法分析其无性系稳定性差异。结果表明,油茶单株产量在无性系间和不同试验点间都呈现极显著差异,无性系×环境互作呈现显著差异。林分中单株产量在8 kg以上的高产植株只占林分总株数的27.86%,而贡献的产量占58.4%,即林分中不到1/3的高产树贡献了林分近2/3的产量,这个比例和实生林分接近。参试的40、4、53号无性系稳定性强,产量高; 166、20、21号产量中等,稳定性也中等; 而180号产量最低,但稳定性高; 3号产量较高,而稳定性最低。     

杨树草决明复合经营中他感作用的分析

采用不同质量浓度的杨树根系水浸提液处理草决明种子,同时以不同质量浓度的草决明种子水浸提液处理杨树插穗,探讨相互间的他感作用。结果表明,杨树草决明复合经营时存在一定的他感作用。总体上,两个参试杨树无性系(南林-95杨和NL-80351杨)根系浸提液质量浓度在3~10 mg/mL时对草决明种子的发芽率、幼苗高生长、根长生长及简化活力指数有一定的促进作用,但质量浓度为30 mg/mL时有明显的抑制作用。较低浓度的草决明种子浸提液可促进杨树根系的生长,而在较高浓度下则对根系生长有明显抑制作用,但对扦插苗地上部分生长影响不显著;随着处理浓度的增加,杨树根系活力呈现先增大后减小的抛物线形变化趋势,其中当浸提液在3~12 mg/mL的质量浓度范围内对根系活力有一定的促进作用,6 mg/mL时根系活力达到最大,而24 mg/mL时则表现为明显的抑制作用。     

苹果受粉前后子房的生化变化

本文报道了苹果受粉前后子房内Ｐｒ／ＲＮＡ、蛋白水解酶活性及过氧化物同工酶的变化．花开后６ｄ，受粉子房Ｐｒ／ＲＮＡ维持在较高水平，未受粉子房则是在花开３ｄ时比值升高，到６ｄ时该比值又降低；蛋白水解酶活性的变化相似于Ｐｒ／ＲＮＡ值在上述两种材料中的变化情况；与未受粉子房相比，受粉子房在受粉后新出现了两条大分子量的过氧化物同工酶带．本文还对受粉与否所引起不同的发育途径及蛋白水解酶活性、过氧化物同工酶变化与子房发育的关系作了初步探讨．     

Construction of a BAC library from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and identification of linkage group specific clones

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library consisting of 19,200 clones with an average insert size of 105 kb has been constructed from a cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) inbred line S94; derived from a cultivar in North China. The entire library was equivalent to approximately 5 haploid cucumber genomes. To facilitate chromosome engineering and anchor the cucumber genetic linkage map to its chromosomes, 15 sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCAR) and seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers from each linkage group of cucumber were used to screen an ordered array of pooled BAC DNA with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifteen markers gave at least two positive clones. As a result, 32 BAC clones representing 7 linkage groups of cucumber were identified, which further validated the genome coverage and utility of the library. This BAC library and linkage group specific clones provide essential resources for future research of the cucumber genome.     

柳杉无性系指纹图谱的构建及遗传多样性分析

【目的】为了构建柳杉无性系的DNA指纹图谱,准确区分柳杉无性系。【方法】利用SSR标记分析了柳杉89个无性系的遗传多样性和指纹图谱。【结果】11对引物共检测出53个等位点,平均每个SSR位点有5个,变化范围为3～6个; 有效等位基因数(N_e)变化范围为1.887 0～4.295 6,平均为3.041 1; Shannon信息指数(I)变化范围为0.774 9～1.556 3,平均为1.208 1。表明SSR标记具有较高的多态性。根据SSR标记特点及引物的顺序,将SSR引物扩增统计的“0”、“1”转换成基因型,通过不同基因型组合,构建了柳杉89个无性系的 DNA 分子指纹图谱,使每个无性系都获得了 1 个 22 位数的指纹图谱号码,同时基于个体间的遗传距离将柳杉89个无性系分为 5 类。【结论】SSR标记适用于柳杉无性系遗传多样性分析及鉴定,柳杉的遗传多态性处于中等偏高水平。     

薜荔果胶的胶凝特性

对薜荔果胶胶质的胶凝特性及其主要影响因子--pH值、温度和Ca2+等进行了研究，确定了该胶质胶凝的pＨ值范围，保持最适凝胶状态的最适温度以及Ca2+对不同pH条件下的胶质溶液的胶凝作用.