Ecological stability of Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt

The Tadm Desert Highway shelterbelt, located in hinterland of Taklimakan Desert, is irrigated by underground saline water, with three to thirty gram per litter mineral degrees. The sustainability and stability are affected by multifarious stress. The structural and functional characteristics of shelterbelt are studied to probe into correlation between environment and shelterbelt. On basis, decision analysis is applied to study ecological stability of the Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt, to screen out limited factors, to establish general index system, and to evaluate the stability of the shelterbelt nowadays. Finally, the concept of ecological stability is utilized to manage the artificial ecosystem. The results show that the artificial ecosystem is relatively flimsy, whose stability can be increased by adjusting stand structure and improving the nutrient cycle.     

乌兰布和沙漠不同结构防护林带防风效能

 为对乌兰布和沙漠地区防护林建设提供理论依据,对乌兰布和沙漠几种典型结构和配置的防护林带进行风速观测,结果表明：其防风效益与林带高度、结构、疏透度等因子有关,稀疏型林带防风效果最佳,平均为41.37%,疏透型次之,为29.58%,通风型防风效果最差,为23.92%。林带防风效能较好的疏透度为40%~50%,随着林带总平均疏透度的增加,防风效能显著降低。分层疏透度不同也直接影响防风效果,因此,林带结构应以稀疏型为主,林带总平均疏透度控制在30%~50%,分层疏透度应控制在林冠层30%~50%,林干层50%。     

巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊遥感信息提取及动态变化趋势

 结合巴丹吉林沙漠的地物光谱特征,提出了改进的MDLWI 水体指数法。该方法增加了水体与植被以及水体与干湖盆的区分度,提高了提取沙漠中水体的效率和精度。利用MDLWI 水体指数法,分析了巴丹吉林沙漠1990-2010 这20 年间夏季（1991,1995,2000,2005,2010）和秋季（1990,1996,2000,2006,2010）两个系列湖泊面积的年际变化趋势。结果表明,夏季湖泊面积平均值为19.11 km²,秋季湖泊面积平均值为17.74 km²,秋季湖泊面积明显小于夏季;20 年来秋季湖泊面积年际变化呈缓慢减少趋势,而夏季湖泊面积变化呈先减少后增大再减少趋势,且变化幅度相对较大;降雨不是湖泊补给的主要来源,湖泊面积的变化主要受地下水补给变化的影响,夏季地下水补给量大于秋季。     

基于熵权-TOPSIS模型的库布齐沙漠地区水资源承载力评价

为了准确评价库布齐沙漠地区水资源承载力状况,构建了由“水资源－社会经济－生态环境”组成的水资源承载力评价指标体系,应用基于熵权法的TOPSIS模型分析评价了地区2013年—2018年的水资源承载力,结果显示：2013年—2018年,库布齐沙漠地区水资源承载力整体等级水平较低,多年来均分布在III－IV级(合理－短缺)之间.水资源承载力评价得分呈现出从东往西依次降低的态势,东部准格尔旗得分最高,中部达拉特旗得分次之,西部杭锦旗得分最低.研究建议,应进一步采取低耗水、高产出的经济社会发展方式和生态环境建设模式,协同推动区域经济社会高质量发展和生态环境高水平保护.     

Groundwater recharge and climatic change during the last 1000 years from unsaturated zone of SE Badain Jaran Desert

The history of groundwater recharge and cli-matic changes during the last 1000 years has been estimated and reconstructed using environmental chloride from un-saturated zone profde in the southeast Badain Jaran Desert,NW China. By using a steady-state model for duplicate un-saturated zone chloride profiles, the long-term recharge at the site was estimated to be 1.3 mm yr^-1. From one profde,which reached the water table, the climatic change events of 10-20 years duration were well preserved. There were 3 wet phases and 4 dry episodes during the recent 800 years ac-cording to the peaks and troughs of recharge rate calculated via chloride concentration and moisture content. There was a dry episode before 1290 AD. At ca. 1500-1530 AD, which is an important date, there was an abrupt change from drought to wet conditions. At the beginning of the 1800s, local climate changed from wet to dry occurred and subsequently dete-riorated over the past 200 years,The unsaturated profile was compared with the Guliya ice core records.The agreement of wet and dry phases from 1200 to 1900 AD is quite good,whilst trends diverged during the last 100 years.It seems that the large-scale climate difference took place between mountain regions and the desert basin in NW China during the 20th century,which closely correspond to the water table reduction of some l metre.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠简单横向沙丘形态学示量特征

通过对塔克拉玛干沙漠不同区域发育的简单横向沙丘的形态学示量特征分析，表明简单横向沙丘的形态特征与沙源的供应有十分密切的关系，沙源的不同丰度导致简单横向沙丘的形态学参数之间有明显的不同，简单横向沙丘在发育过程中并不存在稳定的平衡状态，可能随沙源供应的改变其形态有所改变，而次生的横向沙丘由于主体沙丘对其有足够的沙源供应，因而形态可以得到充分发展，沙丘形态参数的统计数据表明，在简单形新月形沙丘-简单形横向沙丘-沙丘复合体的发展模式中，随沙源供应的增加，沙丘发育时间系列的延长以及其他因素如：风环境、植被等因素的作用，沙丘形态参数之间很难有确切的关系表达式。     

Formation mechanisms of megadunes and lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert, Inner Mongolia

Field observations demonstrate that calc-sinters occurred in the lakes of Badain Jaran Desert. 87Sr/86Sr ratios,14C,δ 13C and mineral com-positions of calc-sinters,and 3He/4He,4He/20Ne,δ 18O,δ D,pH and TDS of water from springs and lakes are analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the lake water is supplied through deep fault zone. The “ker-nel” of stabilized dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert perhaps consists of calc-sinters and calcareous ce-mentation layers. Deep-seated groundwater effuses from this “kernel” and recharges to lakes in desert. Precipitation and snowmelt water from the Qing-hai-Tibet Plateau is fed into the Badain Jaran Desert,Gurinai,Wentougaole and Ejinqi areas through the Xigaze-Langshan Fault zone. The isotopic composi-tions of groundwater in the Alax Plateau are abnor-mal due to the strong evaporation of the Gyaring and Ngoring lake water in the headstream of the Yellow River. Groundwater dissolves dissoluble fractions of rocks during its transportation through the fault zone and flows out of the mouth of spring in the Badan Jaran Desert. The dissoluble fractions are finally de-veloped into calc-sinters and calcareous cementation layers around the spring. Calci-sinters are gradually largened and eventually emerge on the surface of lake water. Eolian sands accumulate on the surfaces of calc-sinters and calcareous cementation layers,and eventually develop into dunes. Invasion of magma causes an increase in the temperature of groundwater within the faults. Groundwater evapora-tion provides water vapor for the formation of humid stabilized dunes during its upwelling. Rhizoconcre-tions found in Yihejigede indicate that the dune was formed and remained immovable 4700 years ago. The height of the megadunes is proportional to thermal quantity carried by the groundwater.     

The microstructure and formation of biological soil crusts in their early developmental stage

Biological soil crust is a complex organic integrity ofcyanobacteria, green algae, lichens and mosses, fungi, andother bacteria. This is a common phenomenon in desertareas all over the world. Biologically, this kind of crustdiffers a lot from physical soi…     

The ion chemistry of surface and ground waters in the Taklimakan Desert of Tarim Basin, western China

The physio-chemical and chemical features of water in natural conditions are controlled by the weath-ering of bedrocks,local climate,landforms and other geo-environmental parameters. In order to un-derstand the characteristics of water and the origins of the dissolved loads in the rivers and in the ground waters of the Taklimakan Desert,western China,we studied the ions in the water samples col-lected from rivers and wells. We collected water samples from four rivers (Keriya River,Cele River,Tumiya River and Yulongkashi River) in the southern desert and ground water samples from many parts of the desert. Major cations and anions were measured using ion-chromatograph and titration with HCl. The total dissolved solids (TDS),pH and conductivity were examined on site by a portable multi-parameter analyzer. The data show that the water in the rivers of southern Taklimakan is still of fresh water quality and slight alkalinity,although the TDS is comparatively higher than that of many other rivers of the world. The ground water is fresh to slightly saline,with TDS a little higher than that of river water in the study area. The concentration of ions is slightly different between the four rivers in the southern Taklimakan. However,the chemistries of ground water in all samples are to a large degree controlled by sodium and chloride. The ions in the ground water are concluded to be mainly from dissolving of evaporites,consistent with the dry climate in the region,whereas the ions in the rivers are mainly from rock weathering. Low-level human imprints are recognized in the ground water samples also.