青藏高原特种盐湖与深部火山-地热水的相关性

 青藏高原特种盐湖形成于陆-陆碰撞带,高原深部熔融物质,自第三纪形成始至第四纪时期以来,以火山-地热水形式向上地壳表层携出大量B、Li、Cs等成分。昂拉陵地区是青藏高原盐湖特殊组分Li、B、K、Cs、Rb含量最高的区域,郑绵平等首次在该区域发现中新世火山-沉积二元结构,火山后期与热液活动成为青藏高原盐湖特殊组分的主要来源。青藏高原第四纪地热水分布广泛,全区由南往北划分为5条地热带,其中狮泉河-雅鲁藏布地热带（I）、班公湖-怒江地热带（II）、贵德-南祁连地热带（IV）,地热水中富含B、Li、Cs、Rb、As,这3条地热带周围分布的盐湖中也富集这些元素。青藏高原特种盐湖中B、Li、Cs、Rb、As等元素含量,湖泊水化学带、地热带的特征系数,Rb/Cs、Ni/Co系数以及同位素值,与一般盐湖、海水中不同,而与该区域地热水中相同;同时,特种盐湖水化学特征与地热带中特征具有较好的对应关系。青藏高原盐湖各补给水源中地热水的Li、B、K、Rb、Cs元素含量最高。综上表明,青藏高原特种盐湖中富集的Li、B、Cs等元素,与火山-地热水具有很高的相关性。     

哀牢山金矿带深源流体及其成矿作用

深源流体是一种源于深部的高温高压流体，它富含Ｃｌ－、ＣＯ２、Ｓ２－等矿化剂。金矿床的形成过程是：深源流体从深部沿高渗透断裂带向上运移过程中，从含金岩体中活化出金而形成含金流体。在含金热流体中，Ａｕ主要以ＡｕＣｌ－２、ＡｕＣｌ－４、ＡｕＳ－２、ＡｕＳ－３、ＡｕＳＯ３－３等形式迁移。当含金流体进入有利的成矿环境中，与围岩发生强烈的交代作用。在交代过程中，金的络合物分解，从而导致金矿床的形成     

河南南召水洞岭锌铜矿床的类型及成矿条件

水洞岭锌铜矿床是北秦岭造山带中铜矿远景区的典型黑矿型矿床，形成于二郎坪弧后盆地，时代为早古生代．成矿期间成矿流体以高Ｋ＋／Ｎａ＋、Ｆ－／Ｃｌ－比值和低ＣＯ／ＣＯ２比值为特征；形成温度为１９７～３３０℃，ｆＯ２为３×１０－３１～８．１×１０－３３Ｐａ，形成时的环境压力为７７．９７×１０５Ｐａ，ｐＨ值为５．７３～６．１２（３００℃）．同位素特征显示，成矿物质来源为下伏火山岩，且具有混合硫源（岩浆和海水硫）共同来源，岩浆热液对成矿起了一定的作用     

云南宁蒗地区喜山期斑岩带成矿条件研究

通过对宁蒗地区喜山期班岩带各斑岩体（群）地质特征、岩石地球化学等方面的研究，一致地表明其斑岩属含矿斑岩。斑岩体（群）侵位的各时代围岩地层亦具有一定的含矿性。随着斑岩带围岩合矿层位的变更和斑岩体自身含矿性的变化，斑岩铜矿和斑岩外接触带矿床（或矿化）也随之发生变化，形成由一系列多矿种、多类型矿床构成的矿床系列。宁蒗地区喜山期斑岩带及其成矿系列严格受近南北向的包都—波罗弧形断裂带控制，该斑岩带实为构造—斑岩—成矿三位一体的喜山期构造—斑岩成矿带。     

华北地台重要金矿成矿过程中的流体作用及其来源研究

中生代是华北地台金矿床的最重要成矿时期，该时期的金矿床与煌斑岩和花岗岩类密切伴生。煌斑岩以富金和富LILE为特征，而花岗岩的金含量则甚低；金矿床的铅、氢、氧和硫同位素组成高度分散，表明成矿物质具有多来源性。金矿床中的蚀变时间上从早到晚的演化和空间上从下到上的分带为：由气化－高温(300℃-450℃）阶段的钾长石化，经（高－）中温（200℃-320℃）阶段的黄铁绢英岩化和绢英岩化，变为中－低温（220℃-150℃）阶段的硅化。金在钾交代阶段活化转移，而在黄铁绢英岩化阶段开始沉淀成矿。欧亚板块与古太平洋板块之间以及华北板块与华南板块之间在中生代时期的强烈碰撞、挤压和俯冲造成了华北地台金矿床形成的有利构造环境。俯冲板块俯冲过程中的去气、去碱、去硅和去LILE（包括金）等作用，可形成含金成矿流体。在 俯冲板块进入地幔后，含金流体和分熔产物一起上升并交代地幔楔，形成能够产生富金粕斑岩浆的富集地幔。同时，仰冲板块中的褶皱、变质、花岗岩 的形成、火山作用、煌斑岩侵入、 水／岩反应，以及成矿物质的活化转移和交换作用，促进了金在有利环境中聚集成矿。在上述基础上建立了金在俯冲带的成矿模式。     

萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床的同位素组成特征及其成因意义

新疆西南天山的萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床 ,赋存于中 -上石炭统浊积岩系地层中。矿化受构造破碎带控制 ,以含矿的石英细 (网 )脉和含矿的石英 -碳酸盐细 (网 )脉形式产出。矿体呈似层状和透镜状 ,矿石的矿物组成和矿石类型复杂 ,矿石中金与黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿等硫化物密切共生 ,金矿物以银金矿为主。成矿具多阶段性。据发现的生物化石和铷 -锶同位素 ,控矿地层时代为中—上石炭统。铅和硫同位素组成表明 ,成矿物质主要来自于深部较老的地层和岩石 ;硅同位素组成显示 ,硅质由地层和岩石提供 ;氢氧同位素特征显示 ,成矿作用乃通过大气降水补给的地下水渗入深部 ,经加热循环并溶滤围岩中的矿质 ,随后迁移到减压空间和有利岩性层中而成矿。钾 -氩法测定表明 ,成矿作用发生于燕山中—晚期。萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床的众多特征与乌兹别克斯坦穆龙套金矿床的特征极具可比性 ,是中国最具典型意义的穆龙套型金矿床     

Metallogenic epoch and genesis of the gold deposits in Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China: a regional review

Gold deposits are characterized by multi-sources, superimposition, large scale and temporal-spatial concentration in Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China. In this paper, we review the history and the development of the study on metallogenic chronology and genesis of gold deposits, summarize the main features of superimposed metallogenesis, provide evidence of the Mesozoic complex metallogenic system, and point out some problems for further research of Jiaodong gold deposit cluster from a regional view. Although gold deposits are different in genetic types, ore-forming materials and geological settings, our research indicates that the accumulation and emplacement of the ore-forming materials are temporally-spatially concentrated on a large scale, and the main metallogenic epoch of Jiaodong gold deposits was concentrated in Mesozoic. Metallogenic chronology and geological-geochemical data indicate that there are two periods of gold mineralizations occurred in 130?110 Ma and 90?80 Ma respectively in Jiaodong ore cluster. The gold deposit cluster results from the superimposition of the polygenetic mineralization, and further study is needed to investigate the formation and evolution of the Mesozoic complex metallogenic system.     

Advances in geochemical research on nanometer materials

Important advances have been made in the field of geochemistry since nanometer science and technology were introduced into the field of geoscience. The nanometer particulates have been discovered in naturally-occurring ore deposits, volcano-eruptive materials and geo-gases, and a more detailed exploration of the metallogenic mechanism of endogenic metallic ore deposits has been conducted. It is considered that some ore-forming metals may transport in the form of native particulates. Because they have very strong capabilities of adsorption, adsorption is always regarded as an important mechanism of metallogenesis under supergenic and low temperature conditions. Therefore, a new technology of ore exploration has also been developed. This paper attempts to review the new advances in geochemical research on nanometer materials, as well as its perspectivess.     

Research advances in the Mesozoic tectonic regimes during the formation of Jiaodong ore cluster area

Based on research advances of the tectonic regime in Jiaodong ore cluster area and the related tectonic regime transformation in Mesozoic era in the eastern region of North China, in this paper, we first summarize some key problems required to be studied further on. Then we suggest an approach to dealing with these problems. It is known that the gold deposits in Jiaodong ore cluster area, which are of different mineralization styles, spatial distributions and geological settings, might be as a result from one or more geologic events in Mesozoic. Till now, this kind of research on the temporal evolution and spatial migration sequence, especially on the geodynamic mechanism of the above events, is far from sufficient. Moreover, quantitatively describing the action mode and the temporal?spatial framework of tectonic dynamic regimes and formulating the relative contribution of every tectonic dynamic regime for the metallogensis are still challenges to the geologists studying on the formation of Jiaodong ore cluster area. According to the interpretation of the regional tectonic analysis, the structural dynamics, the observation and the exploration of the mineralization network, we propose a geological?physical?chemical model with some constraints originated from the comprehensive analysis. We then use this model to simulate the coupled processes of the structural deformation, thermal transport, fluid flow and the chemical reaction. The obtained results indicate that the model is efficient in further analyzing the temporal?spatial evolutional trail of the tectonic regime in Jiaodong ore cluster area and in further understanding the nature of the mass metallogensis.