气—液两相流传递研究

阐述了在气－＝液两相流传递研究方面的工作,包括气升式环流系统中的流体力学和传递、降液膜动下的传热和传质、“载气蒸发”技术的研究和开发等。并由研究惰气气冲击冷剂液浴中放热壁面强化冷却的操作机理,提出了“界面汽化热阱增强传热的原理”。     

Least dissipation principle of heat transport potential capacity and its application in heat conduction optimization

In the viewpoint of heat transfer,heat transport potential capacity and its dissipation are defined based on the essence of heat transport phenomenon,Rspectively,their physical menings are the overall heat transfer capability and the dissipation rate of the heat transfer capacity.Then the least dissipation principle of heat transport potential cpacity is presented to enhance the heat conduction efficiency in the heat conduction optimization .The principle is, for a conduction process with the constant integral of the thermal conductivity over the region ,the optimal distribution of thermal conductivity,which corresponds to the highest heat conduction efficiency ,is characterized by the least dissipation of heat transport potential capacity .Finally the principle is applied to some cases in heat conduction optimization.     

Lytic transglycosylases in macromolecular transport systems of Gram-negative bacteria

The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is essential for the integrity of the bacterial cell but also imposes a physical barrier to trans-envelope transport processes in which DNA and/or proteins are taken up or secreted by complex protein assemblies. The presence of genes encoding lytic transglycosylases in macromolecular transport systems (bacteriophage entry, type II secretion and type IV pilus synthesis, type III secretion, type IV secretion) suggests an important role for these specialised cell-wall-degrading enzymes. Such enzymes are capable of locally enlarging gaps in the peptidoglycan meshwork to allow the efficient assembly and anchoring of supramolecular transport complexes in the cell envelope. In this review, current knowledge on the role and distribution of these specialised murein-degrading enzymes in diverse macromolecular transport systems is summarised and discussed.Received 13 February 2003; received after revision 25 April 2003; accepted 12 May 2003     

Improving photosynthesis of microalgae by changing the ratio of light-harvesting pigments

Changing the ratio of light-harvesting pigments was regarded as an efficient way to improve the photosynthesis rate in microalgae, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, a mutant of Anabeana simensis （called SP） was selected from retrieved satellite cultures. Several parameters related with photosynthesis, such as the growth, photosynthesis rate, the content of photosynthetic pigment, low temperature fluorescence spectrum （77K） and electron transport rate, were compared with those of the wild type. It was found that the change in the ratio of light-harvesting pigments in the mutant led to more efficient light energy transfer and usage in mutant than in the wild type. This may be the reason why the mutant had higher photosynthesis and growth rates.     

按比例缩小SiGe HBT能量传输模型

针对用传统的漂移扩散模型分析小尺寸SiGe HBT的局限性,采用新的能量传输模型.通过分析建立了小尺寸SiGe HBT(考虑Ge含量)的玻尔兹曼方程,得到不同区域电子温度的分布;并比较了不同基区宽度、不同Ge梯度下的电子温度曲线.结果发现在基区很薄的情况下,电子从基区向集电区渡越时,其温度逐渐升高,且大大高于晶格温度,且不同基区宽度基区电子温度变化率不同.     

上海轨道交通明珠线共线运营方案

分析了连通型城市轨道交通网络的线路结构、技术设备特点和运输组织特点 .以上海轨道交通明珠线为背景 ,分析了上海轨道交通明珠线的线路结构 .在既有客流预测数据基础上 ,利用O D矩阵推算方法 ,分析了环线网络的客流特点 .提出了可能的共线运营方案 ,并分析了各个方案的优缺点和适用条件     

高梁根质膜K~+转运蛋白在人工脂质体上的活性重组

将高粱根质膜中K~+ -ATPase活性重组入人工脂质体中 ,并研究了脂蛋白体的性质。结果表明 ,脂蛋白体中脂和蛋白质浓度与离子转运活性呈正相关 ,当其含粗提大豆磷脂且脂 /蛋白比率为 3 5时 ,其K+ 转运活性最大。     

河流污水饱和入渗对沿岸地下水质影响预测研究

在分析野外现场观测资料的基础上，建立河流污水饱和入渗对沿岸地下水质影响的数学模型，应用全隐式差分和时间中心差分格式离散方程，并在计算过程中选择调用，以河流污水的保守性污染因子Cl^-1和非保守性污染因子NH4^ -N为例研究模型参数，应用江苏徐州市奎河的徐村和黄桥断面实测资料进行建模和验模，为污染河道沿岸地下水开发利用和水环境保护提供技术支持。     

La_(0.67)Ca_(0.33)Mn_(1-x)Cr_xO_3 (0.00≤x≤0.15)中的输运机制与CMR效应研究

研究了Mn位掺Cr体系La0 67Ca0 33Mn1-xCrxO3(0)(0 0≤x≤0 15)的庞磁电阻(CMR),发现Mn位掺Cr时零场电阻率曲线出现附加峰,随着Cr含量的增加,起始电阻率峰值逐渐减弱,附加峰急剧上升。在磁场作用下,两个电阻率峰值被强烈压缩,导致CMR效应中出现双峰,并且CMR效应的温区大大拓宽,从低温到接近室温。这个结果表明:Mn位元素替代是调整CMR效应的有效方法。     

植物对氨基酸的吸收和利用

氨基酸在土壤有机氮组成中占相当大的比例，植物能吸收利用氨基酸是其获得氮源的方式之一。研究表明，植物能吸收土壤中的游离氨基酸，氨基酸在与无机氮共存时也能为植物所利用，不同种类的氨基酸吸收后在植物体内的运转、分配和代谢有一定的差异，表现出不同的生理效应。综述了植物氨基酸营养的国内外研究概况和最近的进展，内容包括植物对氨基酸的吸收、氨基酸在植物体内的运转、分配和代谢、植物吸收氨基酸的机制以及氨基酸对植物的生理效应等。