转基因食品安全课程案例法教学改革与实践①②

转基因食品有未来“粮食咽喉”之称，其安全性备受关注。但是社会各界对转基因食品安全性的了解程度不一，因此在高校中开设转基因食品安全相关课程具有重要意义。该文就该课程与案例法教学相结合的必要性进行了初步探讨，同时提出了相应改革与实践的具体措施，包括教学内容、教学过程、教师队伍、教材建设及考试机制的探索和完善，旨在培养具有辩证思维和科学理念的高素质人才。     

Analysis of the immune system with transgenic mice: T cell development

Transgenic mice carrying functionally rearranged T cell receptor genes have contributed significantly to our knowledge of T cell development and thymic positive and negative selection processes. In addition, TCR-transgenic mice have been used to investigate mutations affecting thymocyte development, likescid andlpr. Gene targeting by homologous recombination will allow to analyze more specifically the molecular mechanisms underlying thymic selection and peripheral tolerance.     

Ultrastructure and biochemistry of the pineal organ in deep-sea lanternfishes (Myctophidae)

Summary Pineal structural and biochemical adaptations in lanternfishes included: 1) few photoreceptor outer segment discs; 2) conventional synapses between photoreceptors and pineal neurons; and 3) low levels (0–60 pg/pineal) of serotonin compared to those (>1.0 ng/pineal) in the goldfish pineal organ. These findings suggest reduced photosensory and/or neuroendocrine functions in these deep-sea fishes.     

转基因油菜雄性不育系15A及其恢复系菌核病抗性的鉴定与筛选

采用苗期接种法对湖南油料所构建及选育的转基因油菜雄性不育系15A、胞质三系不育系742A,常规油菜恢复系695、780的抗耐油菜菌核病进行鉴定,结果表明,4个品种均为抗性品种,其中15A为中抗,742A、695、780为低抗。四个品系的病情指数均比对照中油821低。各品系单株之间抗性存在明显差异。     

Apoptosis of transgenic cloned and recloned bovine blastocysts

Apoptosis plays an important role in preimplantation embryonic development. Investigating mechanisms of apoptosis can provide useful information for obtaining high-quality embryos and help to improve cloning efficiency. Here, we investigated the incidence of blastomere apoptosis in transgenic blastocysts generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and recloning using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d-UTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. Transgenic recloned embryos were the second generation SCNT embryos derived from the somatic cells of a transgenic SCNT calf. The blastocyst rate of transgenic SCNT embryos was lower than that of nontransgenic SCNT embryos. The incidence of apoptosis in transgenic SCNT embryos was higher than that of nontransgenic SCNT embryos. The blastocyst rate and the incidence of apoptosis in transgenic recloned embryos were similar to nontransgenic SCNT embryos. The process of donor cell transfection and drug selection may decrease the developmental capacity of transgenic SCNT embryos. Serial cloning did not influence the developmental capacity of transgenic recloned embryos.     

The evolutionary foundation of genomic imprinting in lower vertebrates

In mammals,genomic imprinting confers developmental asymmetry and complementation on the parental genomes and makes both parental genomes essential for complete development.Genomic imprinting is,therefore,the first regulatory step of genome-wide gene expression of embryogenesis and thought to be the epigenetic foundation of bisexual reproduction.However,how the genomic imprinting is originated,established and maintained during vertebrate evolution remains unknown.Because no endogenous imprinting gene has be...     

转基因植物对土壤生态系统的影响

随着转基因植物的大面积商业化种植,其对土壤生态系统造成的影响日益引起人们的关注。本文综述了转基因植物对土壤中动物、微生物及土壤酶活性的影响,并且对转基因植物对土壤生态系统的影响进行了展望,以期为转基因植物对土壤环境的生态风险性评价提供参考。     

Science Letters: Transient expression of chicken alpha interferon gene in lettuce

We investigated the possibility of producing chicken alpha interferon （ChlFN-α） in transgenic plants. The cDNA encoding ChlFN-α was introduced into lettuce （Lactuca sativa L.） plants by using an agro-infiltration transient expression system. The ChlFN-a gene was correctly transcribed and translated in the lettuce plants according to RT-PCR and ELISA assays. Recombinant protein exhibited antiviral activity in vitro by inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus （VSV） replication on chicken embryonic fibroblast （CEF）. The results demonstrate that biologically active avian cytokine with potential pharmaceutical applications could be expressed in transgenic lettuce plants and that it is possible to generate interferon protein in forage plants for preventing infectious diseases of poultry.     

LBM2eHBc＋融合基因植物表达载体构建及对番茄的转化研究

禽流感病毒一直是家禽和家畜健康养殖的巨大威胁,甚至威胁着人类的健康,人们也一直在研究各种形式的疫苗来应对禽流感病毒的威胁.番茄作为生物反应器应用于动物疫苗生产具有独特的优点,本研究优化了番茄子叶的再生体系,同时构建了LBM2eHBc＋融合基因的植物表达载体并对番茄进行了遗传转化.结果表明在玉米素（Zt）浓度为0.5 mg/L时番茄子叶外植体的芽再生率达到93.33%;测序结果证明植物表达载体pBI121-LBM2eHBc＋构建成功;利用农杆菌介导的转化方法获得再生抗性苗34株,经PCR检测,阳性率为75.0%,本研究结果为进一步开发禽流感口服疫苗奠定了基础.     

巴西转基因作物发展动态综述

本文简述了巴西转基因作物的种植现状、研发状况以及转基因安全法规和管理机构。