尖晶石锰酸锂动力电池性能及应用

100Ah动力电池采用尖晶石锰酸锂作为正极材料,400Ah电池组应用于纯电动车,实验表明电池具有良好的电化学性能和安全性能。     

锂离子电池负极材料包覆型天然石墨的研究

合成并研究了一种包覆一层氢氧化铁的天然石墨材料 ,它可作为一种新型锂离子电池负极材料。对其电化学性能测试表明 ,当所用电解质为 1m ol/L L i PF6 (EC与 DEC的体积比为 3:7)以 0 .2 5 5 m A.cm- 2充放电时 ,其可逆比容量可超过 35 0 m Ah.g- 1 ,并且具有较好的循环性能。对这种材料进行了 X光衍射分析 (XRD) ,扫描电镜测量 (SEM) ,差重 -热重分析 (DTA- TGA)。从材料的结构、充放电特性和可逆性等方面 ,对锂在该包覆型碳材料中的嵌入机理进行了初步探讨。对该材料的结构分析表明所包覆的氢氧化铁分布较为均匀 ,特别是在天然石墨的端面上包覆的氢氧化铁及其在第一次充放电期间与锂反应生成的固体电解质界面 (SEI)膜 ,能够固定石墨片 ,防止其发生滑移和剥落 ,从而对材料的电化学性能产生良好的影响     

锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4/C的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了LiFePO₄/C复合材料,利用元素分析、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）等方法对其进行了表征,将其组装成模拟电池测试了其电化学性能.结果表明：LiFePO₄/C具有单一的橄榄石型晶体结构,碳粒子平均颗粒大小在1μm左右.LiFePO₄/C复合材料在3.4 V处具有很好的充放电电压平台,与LiFePO₄相比,具有更高的放电比容量和更好的循环性能,在60 ℃时的首次放电容量达到133 mAh/g,经20次循环后的容量保持率为93.8%.     

具有分级结构的Co_3O_4绣球花状微米球的构筑及其锂离子电池负极性能研究

采用溶剂热法合成了绣球花状Co_3O_4纳米材料,并利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪进行了微观形貌和结构的表征,结果显示样品的形貌为4~6μm绣球花状分级结构微米球,结晶良好,无杂相生成。该绣球花状Co_3O_4纳米材料用做锂离子电池负极材料时表现出很高的可逆比容量和良好的循环性能。在300 m A/g电流密度下,首次放电比容量达1 508 m A·h/g,经过20次循环可逆比容量为1 300 m A·h/g。其良好的电化学性能归功于绣球花状Co_3O_4材料的独特形貌,其多级结构能够缩短锂离子的传输路径,并且拥有足够大的孔隙,来适应和缓解电极材料在循环过程的体积效应。     

Reductive smelting of spent lead-acid battery colloid sludge in a molten Na2CO3 salt

Lead extraction from spent lead–acid battery paste in a molten Na2CO3 salt containing ZnO as a sulfur-fixing agent was studied. Some influencing factors, including smelting temperature, reaction time, ZnO and salt dosages, were investigated in detail using single-factor experiments. The optimum conditions were determined as follows:T = 880°C;t = 60 min; Na2CO3/paste mass ratio = 2.8:1; and the ZnO dosage is equal to the stoichiometric requirement. Under the optimum conditions, the direct recovery rate of lead reached 98.14%. The re-sults suggested that increases in temperature and salt dosage improved the direct recovery rate of lead. XRD results and thermodynamic cal-culations indicated that the reaction approaches of lead and sulfur were PbSO4→Pb and PbSO4→ZnS, respectively. Sulfur was fixed in the form of ZnS, whereas the molten salt did not react with other components, serving only as a reaction medium.     

硼酸对硬炭基负极的结构和电化学性能的影响

在预炭化硬炭前驱体酚醛环氧树脂中掺入硼酸制备含硼原子的锂离子电池硬炭基负极材料.通过X射线衍射仪分析、扫描电子显微镜等对材料的微观结构进行表征,采用氮气吸脱附法测定材料的孔特性和比表面积,利用循环伏安、交流阻抗以及恒电流充放电实验研究材料的电化学性能.结果表明:随着硼酸掺入量的增加,硬炭的层间距、比表面积、孔体积和首次不可逆比容量变小,首次库伦效率提高,硼酸掺入质量分数为10%时,硬炭可逆比容量从332.2mAh·g~(-1)增长到461.1mAh·g~(-1),对应的固体电解质中间相膜的电阻从33.86Ω减少为24.53Ω.     

失效锂离子电池正极材料的再生及电化学性能

以废旧锂离子电池正极材料钴酸锂为原料,将锂与钴元素的比例进行适当调整后,采用高温固相合成制备出LiCoO2材料,并利用XRD、SEM、循环伏安等手段对不同煅烧温度下合成LiCoO2材料的晶相结构、表面形貌及电化学性能进行测试表征.结果表明,经850℃煅烧12h后的LiCoO2材料的性能较好,首次充电容量达143mA.h/g,放电比容量达126mA.h/g,循环30周之后仍保持92%的放电比容量,再生后的LiCoO2材料表现出良好的电化学性能.     

Enhanced low-temperature performance of slight Mn-substituted LiFePO<Subscript>4</Subscript>/C cathode for lithium ion batteries

Low temperature performance of LiFePO₄/C cathode was remarkably improved by slight Mn-substitution. Electrochemical measurements showed that about 95% of the discharge capacity of LiFe_0.98Mn_0.02PO₄/C cathode at 20°C was obtained at 0°C, compared to 85% of that of LiFePO₄/C cathode. The LiFe_0.98Mn_0.02PO₄/C sample also presented enhanced rate performance at −20°C with the discharge capacities of 124.4 mA h/g (0.1C), 99.8 mA h/g (1C), 80.7mAh/g (2C) and 70 mA h/g (5C), respectively, while pristine LiFePO₄/C only delivered capacities of 120.5 mA h/g (0.1C), 90.7 mA h/g (1C), 70.4 mA h/g (2C) and 52.2 mA h/g (5C). Cyclic voltammetry measurements demonstrated an obvious improvement of the lithium insertion-extraction process of the LiFePO₄/C cathode by slight Mn-substitution. The results of FSEM observation and electrical conductivity measurement indicated that slight Mn-substitution minimized the particle size of LiFe_0.98Mn_0.02PO₄/C and also obviously improved the electrical conductivity of the compound, thus obviously enhances the interface reaction process on the cathode.     

固态锂电池聚合物电解质研究进展

聚合物作为一种固态电解质具有优良的力学和机械性能,它的性质很大程度上决定了固态锂电池的电化学性能。对部分近期比较热门的聚合物电解质的研究进展进行简要总结,将不同聚合物电解质的性能和优缺点进行比较和讨论,并且对聚合物电解质的研究发展进行展望。