二元溶剂[Bmim]Cl+NMP对褐煤的溶胀及电解液化的影响

本文在课题组已有的离子液体对煤进行溶胀预处理的研究基础上,进一步研究了多种含离子液体的二元混合溶剂.结果表明,[Bmim]Cl+NMP对神华褐煤的溶胀效果最佳.通过研究二元溶剂中[Bmim]Cl的体积分数、溶胀温度及时间对煤的溶胀度及其电化学还原反应的影响,发现[Bmim]Cl的体积分数为0.5时,煤的溶胀度较高.神华煤在[Bmim]Cl+NMP中溶胀12h即可达到平衡.提高温度不仅可以缩短达到溶胀平衡所需的时间,还可以进一步破坏煤的结构,提高溶胀度.神华褐煤在150℃下溶胀12h,溶胀度可达到3.93.通过二元溶剂[Bmim]Cl+NMP对煤的溶胀处理能提高煤电解加氢还原的反应活性,有利于提高煤的液化率,使电解液化率从31.66%提高到62.27%.     

Development of liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding for AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

A liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding (C-FSSW) technology was developed for welding AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. The liquid-nitrogen cooling degraded the deformability of the welded materials such that the width of interfacial cracks increased with increasing cooling time. The grain size of the stirred zone (SZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the C-FSSW-welded joints decreased, whereas that of the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) increased with increasing cooling time. The maximum tensile shear load of the C-FSSW-welded joints welded with a cooling time of 5 or 7 s was larger than that of the friction stir spot welding (FSSW)-welded joint, and the tensile shear load decreased with increasing cooling time. The microhardness of the C-FSSW-welded joints was greater than that of the FSSW-welded joint. Moreover, the microhardness of the SZ and the HAZ of the C-FSSW-welded joints increased, whereas that of the TMAZ decreased, with increasing cooling time.     

Optimal policy with a total order quantity commitment contract in the presence of a spot market

In this paper,the optimal policy is considered when the buyer faces two supply sources:one is the contract supplier from which the buyer orders over a specific contract period(say,a year) at a pre-agreed price,and the other is the spot market.However,when ordering from the contract supplier,the buyer must fulfill a pre-determined total order quantity,or the so-called definite total order quantity commitment,over the whole contract period.In other words,the commitment secures the buyer a fixed price but obliges him/her a total order quantity over the contract period.Although the spot market gives the buyer more flexibility in terms of order quantities,its prices are volatile.Such a combination of contract and spot procurements is often observed in practice.Within the contract period,there are multiple sub-periods,during each of which the buyer reviews the inventory,issues an individual order,and uses the on-hand inventory to meet the random demand.Thus,in each(ordering) period,the buyer will weigh between the current known spot price(by procuring from the spot market) and a lower future price(by waiting while consuming the remaining commitment).An optimal dual ordering policy is characterized for each period,depending on the on-hand inventory level,the spot price,and the remaining commitment quantity.The optimal policy in each period is also shown to be independent of the contract price.Through a numerical study,the inventory cost is demonstrated to be(1) insensitive to the contract price when the total commitment quantity is lower than the total expected demand over the contract period and(2) non-increasing in the variability of spot prices.     

白斑综合征病毒对日本囊对虾仔虾免疫相关酶活性的影响

用含对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)的病虾组织匀浆上清液对日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)仔虾进行攻毒,于0,6,12,24,36,48,72,96,144 h时间点取样,以研究WSSV对仔虾体内总蛋白含量、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酚氧化酶(PO)活性的影响.结果表明:投喂感染后,与吞噬作用相关的水解酶ACP、AKP呈显著变化,于24 h时达到最大值;与氧化应激有关的SOD和PO也变化显著,分别于72和6 h达到最高值;ACP、AKP、SOD和PO均对病原反应敏感,可以作为WSSV入侵日本囊对虾的参考指标.     

蓝绿激光束在海水中光斑扩散规律的研究

从蓝绿激光束在海水中的散射和吸收规律出发,运用能量守恒定律,研究了蓝绿激光束在海水中的能量扩散过程,导出了篮绿激光束光斑大小随海水水质参数和深度变化的解析公式,详细讨论了光斑大小与衰减系数和海水参数之间的关系,对已有的解析公式进行了有效地修正,对已取得的实验数据进行了正确阐释.研究结果对海洋探测和海洋激光雷达的研制有一定参考意义.     

斜拉桥索梁锚固结构疲劳试验模型设计优化

为了避免出现斜拉桥索梁锚固结构疲劳试验中辅助部分首先断裂的问题,在以往试验模型设计的基础上,考虑影响疲劳寿命的不同因素,建立了以模型的静力强度、位移、疲劳和断裂性能为模糊约束条件,以模型质量、疲劳和断裂寿命为多个目标的结构多目标优化设计模型.结合苏州南通长江公路大桥钢锚箱式索梁锚固结构足尺疲劳试验,验证了锚箱式索梁锚固结构设计的正确性,经过400万次加载而未破坏,且减少了模型用钢量.模型设计中提出的控制热点应力等措施切实可行.     

基于ZG方法的悬挂负载直升机零振荡悬停控制

能够空投并高效地完成起降、装卸货物,是悬挂负载直升机重要的优点。欲使直升机成功并安全地实现货物装卸,需要直升机成功到达目的地,而且悬挂负载直升机飞行时悬挂物不发生振荡。为了实现悬挂负载直升机的零振荡悬停控制,基于ZG方法,在悬挂负载直升机简化数学模型基础上研究零振荡悬停控制问题。首先通过使用ZG方法对数学模型进行处理,得到相应的控制公式。然后创新性地引入参数的可变性,得到了辅助控制公式,并结合得到了控制器公式组。最后在MATLAB平台上进行计算机仿真,仿真结果验证了该控制器的有效性和精确性,进而证实了ZG方法对于实现悬挂负载直升机零振荡悬停控制的可行性和有效性。     

Non-invasive genetic study and population monitoring of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) (Mammalia: Ursidae) in Kastoria region – Greece

The brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Greece is considered endangered but little is known about the genetic status and the exact size of local populations. Non-invasive genetic sampling was used in this study to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the brown bear population in the Kastoria region (northwest Macedonia, Greece) and to estimate its population size. Estimation of demographic parameters was based on innovative, well-evaluated methods that can provide estimates from a single sampling session. DNA was extracted from hairs, scat and blood samples and subsequent amplification of 10 microsatellite loci allowed the identification of a minimum number of 75 living bears in the study area while the mark–recapture-based analysis resulted in a point estimation of 219 individuals. Relatively high diversity values, lack of heterozygosity deficiency as well as estimated effective population size, support the Kastoria bear population having good conservation status.     

高师地理专业教育实习模式研究

教育实习是突出师范特色的一个重要实践环节，对于培养合格师资具有重要意义，以现代教育、教学理论为指导，结合目前高师院校的院系2高速和课程配置改革，借鉴以往的教育实习实践，认为采取多样化的实习方式，有利于提高实习质量和实习的实效性，并对高师地理专业的部分委托实习、分散回乡实习、集中定点实习和事编队实习等4种模式进行分析。     

不同类型旅游景区管理模式的比较与分析

在制定科学合理的旅游规划的同时,往往要制定景区（点）的管理模式规划,盲目照搬照抄其他旅游景区的管理模式不仅会造成管理秩序的混乱,同时对资源本身也构成了一定的威胁。因此,在不同类型的旅游景区建立适应其特点的管理模式,对于景区（点）的开发及其今后的发展运作都具有十分重要的意义。