包晶凝固的研究现状及进展

目前人们对包晶凝固过程和机理的研究远没有单相和共晶体系那样深入,长期以来仅限于定性的描述,至今还没有形成较为完整的理论体系,也没有单相和共晶合金那样较成熟的凝固模型。本文评述了其近年来包晶凝固的理论、各种假设模型,讨论了定向凝固过程中组织,生长机制等。     

钕对镁合金电偶腐蚀电流密度及分布的影响

气体保护条件下,通过向镁合金熔体中加入Mg-Nd中间合金的方法制备出不同稀土Nd含量的改性镁合金Mg-9Al-1Zn-xNd(AZ91Nd).采用电偶腐蚀、腐蚀电化学、X射线光电子谱(XPS)等方法研究了AZ91Nd镁合金在电偶腐蚀过程中的电流密度和分布的变化规律.电化学分析表明,在腐蚀过程中,镁合金腐蚀产物膜中含有一定量的Nd2O3,提高了AZ91Nd镁合金的自腐蚀电位和极化阻抗.腐蚀实验表明,Nd能够降低镁合金电偶腐蚀电流密度,促进电偶腐蚀电流在阳极表面均匀分布,抑制了局部腐蚀,提高了镁合金的抗电偶腐蚀性能.AZ91Nd耐蚀性提高的主要原因在于:Nd2O3提高了腐蚀产物膜的致密性导致合金的腐蚀电位和极化阻抗增加.     

不同钙合金对钢液脱砷作用的实验研究

为了充分利用我国含砷铁矿资源,采用精炼渣+不同Ca合金对钢液进行脱砷研究,获得较高的脱砷率,其中Si-Ca-Ba合金综合脱砷效果最佳。在相同操作条件下,通过改变实验条件,对钢液中砷含量随时间变化规律以及对脱砷效果的影响进行研究,并对高砷含量下不同Ca合金加入钢液后Ca的有效利用率进行详细分析。     

Fabrication and characterization of laminated Ti-(TiB+La2O3)/Ti composite

The incorporation of ceramic particulate reinforcements into titanium alloys can improve the specific strength and specific stiffness,while inevitably reduce the plasticity and ductility.In this study,in situ synthesized multilayer Ti-(TiB +La_2O_3)/Ti composite was designed by learning from the microstructure of nature biological materials with excellent mechanical properties.The Ti-(TiB + La_2O_3)/Ti composite with unique characteristic of laminated structure was prepared by combined powder metallurgy and hot rolling.The method has the synthesize advantages with in-situ reaction of Ti and LaB_6 at high temperature and controllability of reinforcements size and constituent phases in composites.The result shows that the pores in the as sintered laminated structure composite completely disappeared after hot rolling at 1050℃.The agglomerated reinforcement particles were well dispersed and distributed uniformly along the rolling direction.The thickness of pure Ti layer and(TiB+La_2O_3)/Ti composite layer decreased from 1 mm to about 200 μm.Meanwhile,the grains size was refined obviously after rolling deformation.The room temperature tensile test indicates that the elongation of the laminated Ti-(TiB + La_2O_3)/Ti composite improved from 13%to 17%in comparison with the uniform(TiB + La_2O_3)/Ti composite,while the tensile strength had little change.It provides theoretical and experimental basis for fabricating the novel high performance laminated Ti-(TiB + La_2O_3)/Ti composites.     

Effect of equal channel angular extrusion on Al-6063 bending fatigue characteristics

The purpose of this investigation was to refine the grains of annealed 6063 aluminum alloy and to improve its yield stress and ultimate strength. This was accomplished via the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process at a temperature of 200℃ using route A, with a constant ram speed of 30 mm/min through a die angle of 90° between the die channels for as many as 6 passes. The experiments were conducted on an Avery universal testing machine. The results showed that the grain diameter decreased from 45 μm to 2.8 μm after 6 extrusion passes. The results also indicated that the major improvement in fatigue resistance occurred after the first pass. The subsequent passes improved the fatigue life but at a considerably lower rate. A maximum increase of 1100% in the case of low applied stresses and an approximately 2200% increase in fatigue resistance in the case of high applied stresses were observed after 5 passes. The improvement of fatigue resistance is presumed to be due to (1) a reduction in the size and the number of Si crystals with increasing number of ECAE passes, (2) the aggregation of Cu during the ECAE process, (3) the formation and growth of CuAl₂ grains, and (4) grain refinement of the Al-6063 alloy during the ECAE process.     

二元液态合金互扩散系数的预测模型

利用扩展的Miedema模型和Wilson方程,计算出二元液态合金的热力学因子,并结合硬球理论的自扩散系数方程提出了互扩散系数的计算方法.利用该方法计算了Sn-Bi,Sn-Zn,Sn-Al,Pb-Bi,Sn-Pb不同体系下的互扩散系数,并和文献实验值作了比较.结果表明,计算值和实验值具有较好的一致性.该方法的优点在于仅仅依靠合金元素本身的物理参数即可获得热力学因子和自扩散系数,进一步可以得到二元液态合金的互扩散系数.通过该方法,能够获得几乎所有的二元液态合金的互扩散系数.     

C与Al-Ti合金的浸润与反应

Al- Ti- C中间合金是近十几年来发展起来的一种较好的铝晶粒细化剂 .但由于液态铝与石墨的浸润性很差 ,Al- Ti- C中间合金的生产很困难 .通过石墨预热、搅拌等方法向 Al- Ti合金熔液中加入石墨粉 ,使 C进入 Al合金并与 Ti反应是可行的 .SEM与 TEM研究结果表明了 Ti与 C反应的全过程 ,Ti与 C反应的产物是 Ti C     

锌液流速对Fe-B合金耐锌液冲蚀性能的影响简

采用圆盘旋转技术,研究了锌液流速对Fe-B合金耐锌液冲蚀性能和冲蚀界面形貌的影响。在锌液温度和冲蚀角度一定时,随锌液冲蚀速度的增加,与316L不锈钢相比,Fe-3．5B （质量分数,％）合金的冲刷腐蚀率呈现较为缓慢的线性增加趋势,表现出低的锌液冲蚀率。在较低的锌液冲蚀速度下,Fe-B合金的冲蚀率仅为316L不锈钢的1/3,传质过程主要通过锌液在Fe2 B网状间隙中的物理流动而进行;而在较高的锌液冲蚀速度下,Fe-B合金的冲蚀率远低于不锈钢,表现出更优异的抗锌液冲蚀性能,此时的传质方式主要是铁、锌原子在界面前沿直接的扩散反应。界面形貌分析表明,Fe-B合金良好的抗锌液冲蚀性能得益于冲蚀初期基体快速腐蚀所产生的界面前沿裸露、密集Fe2 B抗蚀骨架对流动锌液良好的隔离、阻挡效应。