郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起北段晚中生代岩体的成因

郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起北段分布着一些晚中生代岩体,其侵位时间在120~128 Ma之间,稍晚于同期华北克拉通内江苏徐州和安徽宿州地区(简称徐宿地区)。文章通过对上述两地区的地球化学特征的对比研究,认为张八岭隆起北段岩体的岩浆来源可能是壳-幔岩浆混合形成的,并可能经历了一定的岩浆分异作用;而徐宿地区岩浆可能与深部地壳物质的部分熔融有关。上述结果表明,张八岭隆起北段岩浆来源深度较华北克拉通内部徐宿地区深,断裂带内具有较强的伸展活动及岩石圈减薄程度。分析认为,断裂带的存在和活动在岩石圈减薄过程中具有诱发和促进作用。     

明武宗与藏传佛教

明代诸帝大都与藏传佛教有着紧密的联系,而尤以明武宗为甚。武宗豹房里有很多藏僧,日夜与之狎昵,并且在京城广建寺院,对藏僧大加封赏,给予他们很多的特权,可谓宠幸之至。但这方面的所作所为已超出朝廷治藏政策需要的范畴,成为朝政败乱、宫廷生活颓靡的表现,对藏传佛教及其僧团也造成了负面影响。     

藏语语音合成语料库的韵律标注规则设计

韵律标注是藏语语音合成语料库建设的重要环节.文章参考汉语韵律标注的研究成果,结合藏语自身的语音特点以及韵律特征,进行了面向藏语语音合成语料库的韵律标注研究,并设计一套包含拉丁转写、声调类型、音节结构、重音类型以及停顿指数的标注规则,为藏语语音韵律特征的研究提供了直观的、科学的方法.     

Characteristics of recent temperate glacier fluctuations in the Parlung Zangbo River basin,southeast Tibetan Plateau

Little is known about recent variation of temperate glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau, although they are of particular theoretical and practical interests in terms of climate change and water supply. The study of glacier mass balance and terminus variation for six temperate glaciers in the Parlung Zangbo River basin, southeast Tibetan Plateau, shows the facts of the overall negative mass balance and the continued terminus retreat from 2005/2006 to 2007/2008. The mass balances of smaller glaciers were more negative compared to larger glaciers. Referring the trend of glacier mass balance in the Hengduan Mountains, the Himalayas and glacier shrinkage in southeast Tibetan Plateau, the mass loss and recession of temperate glacier in this region are expected if the current climate condition continues.     

Response of Zhadang Glacier runoff in Nam Co Basin,Tibet, to changes in air temperature and precipitation form

This paper describes 2007/2008 inter-annual changes in runoff from the Zhadang Glacier located on the northern slope of Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibet, and analyzes their causes. Precipitation increased by 17.9% in summer months of 2008 compared with the same period in 2007, drainage basin runoff decreased by 33.3%, and glacial meltwater decreased by 53.8%. Change in positive accumulated air temperature explained approximately half of the inter-annual difference in glacial meltwater using a de-gree-day model. This suggests that the glacier is extremely sensitive to changes in air temperature. Energy balance analysis showed that change in glacier surface albedo, considered to be caused by difference in precipitation form, resulted in the large inter-annual difference in glacial meltwater. It was shown statistically that precipitation form in the summer months of 2007 was mainly rainfall which comprised 71.5% of total precipitation, while during the same period in 2008 rainfall accounted for 30.7%, with the majority of precipitation falling as snow. Precipitation form should be considered an independent factor when analyzing glacier sensitivity to climate change or forecasting the runoff from certain glaciers.     

Thermal difference between the Tibetan Plateau and the plain east of Plateau and its influence on rainfall over China in the summer

There exist thermal differences between the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the plain east of the TP, and between land and sea in East Asia. The influence of the land-sea thermal contrast on the precipitation in East China has been widely investigated; however, a few studies have paid attention to the role of the TP-plain thermal difference. Thus, using the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data and the observation data of China from 1951 t...     

青藏高原嘉黎断裂晚第四纪运动特征

通过野外考察与GPS观测数据的综合分析, 对嘉黎断裂晚第四纪运动特征得到一些新的认识。嘉黎断裂不是整体右旋走滑断层, 其不同构造部位的运动性质和速率具有分段差异特征。以东构造结为界大致分为3段: 东构造结以西为嘉黎断裂西北段, 东构造结顶端易贡?通麦段为嘉黎断裂中段, 东构造结东南部分为嘉黎断裂的东南段。西北段为右旋挤压运动, 走滑速率3.2~5.8 mm/a; 中段弱右旋挤压运动, 走滑速率1.3~2.0 mm/a; 东南段为左旋挤压运动, 走滑速率3.7~4.0 mm/a。     

反向正断层在松辽盆地南部油气聚集中的作用

油气勘探的实践成果表明,我国绝大多数含油气盆地中油气藏的形成和分布受断层分布的控制。通过对两井东—木头南区扶余油层石油地质特征、已提交探明储量区及有利区块预测结果表明,研究区通过以西南为主要物源方向的三角洲前缘砂体与北北西断层垂直或者高角度斜交的大型反向正断层的有效匹配,形成了邻凹侧具有有利富油的条件。分别通过对反向正断层形成的机制及背景、研究区发育分布特征、以及反向正断层聚油机理–模式进行研究表明,反向正断层对油气的聚集与分布有以下控制作用：控制油气聚集的类型、控制油气富集的程度、控制油气聚集的层位、控制油气聚集的部位,为今后油气勘探开发工作指明了方向。     

青藏高原盐湖观测站概述

 盐湖长期观测对资源开发和盐湖学基础研究具有重要意义。介绍了青藏高原3个锂硼盐湖科学观测站的建站背景、已有基础设施、观测设备、研究进展及展望。观测站分别建在青藏高原北部3个重点锂硼盐湖区--扎布耶、当雄错和班戈湖。建立至今,已在3个科学站配备了水化学分析、气象、水文自动观测等相关仪器设备,建成蒸发实验平台。依托3个盐湖观测站,开展了重点盐湖系统连续气象、水文动态变化观测、盐湖型锂硼矿床动态变化研究、盐湖矿物资源提取实验等工作。下一步,需对科学站所积累的大量气象、水文资料进行整理,力争建立可用性好的数据库,实现数据共享。     

基于野外站网络的青藏高原地表过程观测研究

 由于地形地貌的复杂性,国际对青藏高原及其邻近地区的地表过程观测研究持续关注,中国高寒区地表过程与环境观测研究网络也逐渐形成。整合了中国科学院的17个野外观测站,针对中国高寒区特有的大气、冰川、冻土、湖泊、高寒生态系统等地表过程开展长期观测。通过推动建立规范的观测指标体系,逐渐统一观测仪器设施,开展数据集成与共享等,野外站的观测研究能力得到显著提升,产出了一批具有国际影响力的高水平科研成果,如发现青藏高原降水具有西风、季风和二者过渡区3大模态等,为区域经济社会发展的决策提供了科学依据。未来,野外观测站会统筹长期观测与有限目标的关系,建设高寒网科学数据平台,更好地服务和支撑国家重大科技任务和战略需求。