用光折变扇形效应实现非相干图像的相干转换

利用Ｂａ１－ｘＳｒｘＴｉＯ３光折变晶体的扇形散射效应实现非相干图像的相干转换，得到非相干图像的相干正转换图像，且相干输出图像有很高的保真度，分辩率可达到２８ｌｉｎｋ ｐａｉｒｓ／ｍｍ。     

Ti-Fe-Ni-La合金的组织结构与吸放氢特性

研究了Ｔｉ－Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｌａ合金的组织结构与吸放氢性能。利用光学金相显微技术，Ｘ射线衍射技术和电子探针分子析了合金成分变化对其金相组织、第二相形态及分布的影响。     

Structural study of sputtered nanocrystalline Ti and Zr by X-ray diffraction

Conclusion The structure of sputtered Ti and Zr deposited on substrate cooled by liquid nitrogen was investigated by X-ray diffraction technique. Results show that deposited Ti and Zr are composed of nanocrystalline particles, and the average grain sizes are respectively 7.2 and 6.3 nm. These nanocrystalline particles have different structures with common metal under the condition of room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The sputtered nanocrystalline Ti has b. c. c. structure, and the sputtered nanocrystalline Zr the ω-phase structure. Forming of the abnormal structure depends on the energy of sputtered particle and small grain size. The energy carried by sputtered particles could have met the kinetic requirement for forming of abnormal structure, while the nanometer grain size could make the abnormal structure have lower energy than normal structure.     

准同型相界附近0.02Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.50Pb(Ni_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.48Pb(Zr_xTi_(1-x))O_3陶瓷压电性能研究

采用传统固相反应法制备四元系0.02Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.50Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.48Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3(0.29≤x≤0.34)陶瓷.观察样品的晶相结构和显微结构,测试压电性能和介电性能.随着Zr/Ti比的增大,晶相从四方相向三方相转变.发现准同型相界位置在x=0.32附近.1 240℃烧结的0.02PZN-0.50PNN-0.48PZ32T陶瓷展现了良好的压电性能,压电常数d33为715 p C/N,机电耦合系数kp为0.541,剩余极化强度Pr为25.5μC/cm2,矫顽场强Ec为5.6 k V/cm.新的压电材料适合高性能压电器件应用,且简单的制备方法给生产带来极大便利.     

Effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on mechanical and elastic properties of Ti–36Nb–5Zr alloy

The evolutions of phase constitutions and mechanical properties of a β-phase Ti–36Nb–5Zr(wt%) alloy during thermo-mechanical treatment were investigated. The alloy consisted of dual(β t α″) phase and exhibited a double yielding phenomenon in solution treated state. After cold rolling and subsequent annealing at 698 K for 20 min, an excellent combination of high strength(833 MPa) and low modulus(46 GPa) was obtained. The high strength can be attributed to high density of dislocations, nanosized α phase and grain refinement. On the other hand, the low Young's modulus originates from the suppression of chemical stabilization of β phase during annealing, which guarantees the low β-phase stability. Furthermore, the single-crystal elastic constants of the annealed Ti–36Nb–5Zr alloy were extracted from polycrystalline alloy using an in-situ synchrotron X-ray technique. The results indicated that the low shear modulus C44 contributes to the low Young's modulus for the Ti–36Nb–5Zr alloy, suggesting that reducing C44 through thermo-mechanical treatment might be an efficient approach to realize low Young's modulus in β-phase Ti alloys. The results achieved in this study could be helpful to elucidate the origin of low modulus and sheds light on developing novel biomedical Ti alloys with both low modulus and high strength.     

Pyroelectric spectrum in Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 antiferroelectric-ferroelectric ceramics

The pyroelectric effect of phase transition induced with temperature in Nb-modified Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃ antiferroelectric-ferroelectric ceramics is studied. Experimental results reveal that the phase transitions are accompanied with marked pyroelectric peaks, there exists the close relation between the type of phase transition and the shape of pyroelectric peak. Because of the variations of phase transition, various pyroelectric spectra result. The pyroelectric spectrum can display the polarization effect and some inferior phase transitions with temperature variations, such as antiferroelectric AFE_A-AFE_B or ferroelectric FE_L-FE_H transition, which are not detected by the conventional dielectric measurement.     

Al晶界中Ti杂质效应的第一性原理计算

基于局域密度泛函理论,对AlΣ9倾侧晶界中掺杂Ti后超晶胞原子和电子结构的变化用第一性原理的赝势方法进行了模拟计算,进而研究了Ti偏析对Al晶界的影响。计算结果表明,与纯Al晶界相比,引入杂质Ti后,超晶胞的晶界略有膨胀,晶界处的电子密度明显增加,Ti原子与Al原子间形成了较强的具有共价—金属混合性质的化学键,其脆化机制可归于"bond mobility model"。     

纳米压痕法测量Ti13Nb13Zr医用钛合金蠕变应力指数

在室温下利用纳米压痕仪测量了Ti13Nb13Zr的弹性模量与硬度以及其蠕变行为的规律。通过改变实验的加载速率与最大载荷,确定这两个因素对实验结果的影响。结果表明,Ti13Nb13Zr的弹性模量约为148.1 GPa,硬度约为5.62 GPa。实验结果与加载速率和最大载荷无关,只与材料本身性质相关。最终测得材料的蠕变应力指数范围在28.98~34.66之间。     

Interface microstructure and formation mechanism of ultrasonic spot welding for Al–Ti dissimilar metals

The present study focuses on interface microstructure and joint formation. AA6061 aluminum alloy (Al) and commercial pure ti-tanium (Ti) joints were welded by ultrasonic spot welding (USW). The welding energy was 1100–3200 J. The Al–Ti joint appearance and in-terface microstructure were observed mainly via optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that a good joint can be achieved only with proper welding energy of 2150 J. No significant intermetallic compound (IMC) was found under all con-ditions. The high energy barriers of Al–Ti and difficulties in diffusion were the main reasons for the absence of IMC according to kinetic ana-lysis. The heat input is crucial for the material plastic flow and bonding area, which plays an important role in the joint formation.     

SiCf/Ti2AlNb复合材料的界面反应及热稳定性

界面反应层是影响SiC纤维(SiC_f)增强钛基复合材料力学性能的重要因素,本文研究了SiC_f/Ti₂AlNb复合材料在热等静压成型以及热暴露过程中的界面反应、界面元素分布规律和界面热稳定性.研究结果表明:SiC_f/Ti₂AlNb复合材料内部元素扩散形成的界面产物主要为TiC,在热暴露过程中出现了TiSi₂和NbSi₂相.SiC_f/Ti₂AlNb复合材料界面反应层的厚度长大符合Arrhenius定律,其界面反应层厚度长大速率随着热暴露温度的升高而增加.界面反应层长大激活能为24.27kJ/mol,界面层长大频率因子为2.80×10^-4 m/s^1/2.SiC_f/Ti₂AlNb复合材料界面在700℃及以下温度具备良好的热稳定性.