基于生物组织偏振特性的肝癌检测方法研究

肝细胞性肝癌属于原发性肝癌的一种,在我国发病率较高,且发病隐匿。癌变组织的组织结构和细胞形态会发生改变,这种亚波长微观结构的改变可以通过生物组织的偏振特性进行表达。根据光与生物组织相互作用原理,设计生物组织偏振成像系统,对30 μm厚的未染色肝细胞性肝癌切片进行成像,借助与组织作用后背向散射光的偏振差异来表征生物组织的结构差异。实验结果表明,在各起偏角度的线偏振度图像中,肝癌组织与肝硬化组织的对比度较普通强度图像平均提升91%,最高提升155%,在切片较厚、未染色条件下线偏振度成像方法具有区分癌变组织和非癌变组织的能力,为肝癌的病理检测提供了一种新的思路。     

鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的临床观察

目的分析鼻咽癌（N-PC）放疗后分泌性中耳炎（OME）的发病机理,探索临床有效的综合治疗方法。方法对35例（43耳）NPC放疗后OME患者,采用咽鼓管置管、冲洗并向鼓室注入地塞米松、a-糜蛋白酶、盐酸氨溴索混合药液,局部清理,治疗临近部位疾病,常规全身抗炎、营养神经、扩张血管、粘膜促排剂及皮质内固醇药物治疗。结果所有患者治疗前均有耳鸣、耳闷感及听力下降等症状;鼓室导抗图均为B型或C型。治疗后耳呜消失3l耳（72．09％）、好转8耳（18．6％）、无效3耳（6．9％）,总有效率为90．69％。耳闷感消失35耳（81．40％）、好转6耳（13．95％）、无效2耳（4．65％）,总有效率为95．35％。声导抗检查鼓室压图A型23耳（53．49％）、As型16耳（34．88％）;B型2耳（4．65％）;C型3耳（6．9％）。治疗后0、0．5、1．0、2．0kHz气导听阈均值为（25．6±3．5）dBHL,而治疗前为（48．5±4．6）dBHL,其差异有统计学意义（P=0．001）。结论依据NPC放疗后OME的发病机理,有针对性地采取咽鼓管置管及注药冲洗等综合治疗手段,有利于咽鼓管功能的恢复,对提高NPC患者的生存质量具有重要意义。     

线粒体转录终止因子3在甲状腺癌中的表达及预后意义

对线粒体转录终止因子3（MTERF3）在甲状腺癌中的表达水平进行分析并评估其预后价值。从TCGA和GTEx等数据库提取甲状腺癌患者MTERF3的表达数据,探究MTERF3在甲状腺癌和癌旁组织中差异表达,分析差异表达对患者免疫细胞浸润和预后情况的影响,并明确MTERF3的临床意义。MTERF3在甲状腺癌中表达水平显著低于正常甲状腺组织,该基因在甲状腺癌中表达较低提示患者预后不良。MTERF3是甲状腺癌的预后标志物,是甲状腺癌诊断和治疗的潜在分子靶标。     

Breast metastasis from small cell lung carcinoma

Breast metastases from extramammary neoplasms are very rare. We presented a 66 year-old female with metastasis of small cell lung carcinoma to the breast. She presented with consolidation over the left upper lobe of her lung undetermined after endobronchial or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） biopsy, and this was treated effectively after antibiotic therapy at initial stage. The left breast lumps were noted 4 months later, and she underwent a modified radical mastectomy under the impression of primary breast carcinoma. However, the subsequent chest imaging revealed re-growing mass over the left mediastinum and hilum, and cells with the same morphological and staining features were found from specimens oftransbronchial brushing and biopsy. An accurate diagnosis to distinguish a primary breast carcinoma from metastatic one is very important because the therapeutic planning and the outcome between them are different.     

Aberrant activity of Wnt/Frizzled signaling pathway in renal cancer cell lines

The expression ofWnt, Wntreceptor-Frizzled, and several other key components in Wnt pathway in renal cancer cell lines was studied. The result of semi-quantitative RT-PCR has shown that the expression level ofWnt5A andhFz5 mRNA were higher in renal cancer cell line (GRC-1) than in normal renal cell line (HK-2). This result has been confirmed byin situ hybridization. The expression of β-catenin protein was obviously higher in GRC-1 than in HK-2 (P< 0.01), but there were no different expressions of its mRNA between 3 lines. The reasons of the overexpression of β-catenin has been investigated by means of immunocytochemistry, SSCP and so on, no mutation ofβ-catenin gene and APC were found. That means that the overexpression ofWnt5A/hFz5 might be the reason of overexpression of β-catenin. It was concluded that the aberrant activity of Wnt pathway might play an important role in renal cell carcinoma.     

运动心肺功能测验在老年支气管肺癌患者术前评估作用的初步观察

初步探讨老年支气管肺癌患者术前运动心肺功能及常规功能检查中最能反映术后并发症的指标。方法：对１１例病人进行术前运动心肺功能检查。并观察其术后的出现的与心肺相关的并发症。结果：在产生与不产生并发症的两组病人中最大运动功率和一秒肺有显著差异性，其它参数则没有差异性。结论：运动心肺功能试验可用于原发支气管肺癌患者的术前评估     

中药“神龙液”合并放射治疗对中晚期鼻咽癌疗效的观察

１９９２～１９９６年间，６４例中晚期鼻咽癌患者被随机分为２组对照研究。３２例采用“神龙液”合并放射治疗（实验组），３２例采用单纯放射治疗（对照组）。两组患者的放疗方法及照射剂量相同。实验组患者从放疗开始，每天服“神龙液”一剂，分两次服，直至放疗结束。结果显示，在放射剂量５４Ｇｙ时，实验组患者鼻咽部肿瘤消退率明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），实验组放射反应比对照组轻。提示“神龙液”合并放射治疗中晚期鼻咽癌有较好的疗效。     

光声光谱技术在现代医学领域的应用

光声光谱技术已成为分子光谱学的一个重要分支，其技术特点为生物医学材料的研究提供了一种灵敏而又无损材料的有效方法。是研究复杂生物体所不可缺少的分析工具。文章简述了光声光谱在现代医学领域的发展和应用情况。重点介绍用光声光谱技术测量鼻咽癌细胞的光谱吸收特性研究的一些最新情况。