Observations of water-flea Daphnia magna and avian fecalia in rock pools: is traditional natural history reporting still relevant for science?

Unexpected observation of freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna in temporary rock pools on a small island off the Norwegian Atlantic coast confirms colonising ability, mediated through avian dispersal. Robust diapausal eggs of D. magna pass the gut of migrating geese and subsequently hatch in environments where such waterfowl forage and rest along migrating routes. The incubation experiment demonstrates that decomposing fecalia of geese constitute sufficient feed to support developing populations of D. magna in experimental oligotrophic conditions. The findings also show that D. magna is highly adapted for colonisation of temporary pools north of the Arctic Polar Circle, with excellent tolerance to low temperatures. Discussion part I relates the findings to published evidence on avian transport of invertebrate propagules, such as correlations between migration patterns of waterfowl and geographical patterns of aquatic invertebrate diversity. Discussion part II reflects on academic cultures, epistemological aspects of natural history reporting, the presence of a whale cadaver as an ecological indicator and the relevance of simple observation as a starting point for further discourse.     

利用试探方程法求mKdV方程组的精确行波解

利用试探方程法化所求耦合mKdV方程组为初等积分形式,再利用多项式完全判别系统讨论被积函数中4阶多项式的根的情况,进而给出显示精确解.由此求得的精确解包括有理函数型解,双曲函数型解(孤子解),三角函数型周期解等.     

Kant on anatomy and the status of the life sciences

This paper contributes to recent interest in Kant's engagement with the life sciences by focusing on one corner of those sciences that has received comparatively little attention: physical and comparative anatomy. By attending to remarks spread across Kant's writings, we gain some insight into Kant's understanding of the disciplinary limitations but also the methodological sophistication of the study of anatomy and physiology. Insofar as Kant highlights anatomy as a paradigmatic science guided by the principle of teleology in the Critique of the Power of Judgment, a more careful study of Kant's discussions of anatomy promises to illuminate some of the obscurities of that text and of his understanding of the life sciences more generally. In the end, it is argued, Kant's ambivalence with regard to anatomy gives way to a pessimistic conclusion about the possibility that anatomy, natural history, and, by extension, the life sciences more generally might one day become true natural sciences.     

拟真世界与客体策略——鲍德里亚的技术决定论及启示

鲍德里亚的后现代理论是一种典型的技术决定论,他构建了一个由模型、符码所生成的拟真世界,在那里DNA和0/1数字具有了本体论意义。在高科技的世界里,主体失去了丰富而多样的存在,成为技术的创造物和附属物。伴随着主体衰落而产生的是客体的兴盛与强大,客体世界开始控制并主宰着人类社会的运行。鲍德里亚由此提出一种消极的宿命论,即客体系统自身发展到完美、极致,并在顶点上自动内爆、反转。鲍德里亚的理论对于我们反思日益频繁的自然灾害和技术危机、对于重新考量人与自然、技术之间关系提供了有益的启示。     

From aether impulse to QED: Sommerfeld and the Bremsstrahlen theory

The radiation that is due to the braking of charged particles has been in the focus of theoretical physics since the discovery of X-rays by the end of the 19th century. The impact of cathode rays in the anti-cathode of an X-ray tube that resulted in the production of X-rays led to the view that X-rays are aether impulses spreading from the site of the impact. In 1909, Arnold Sommerfeld calculated from Maxwell׳s equations the angular distribution of electromagnetic radiation due to the braking of electrons. He thereby coined the notion of “Bremsstrahlen.” In 1923, Hendrik A. Kramers provided a quantum theoretical explanation of this process by means of Bohr׳s correspondence principle. With the advent of quantum mechanics the theory of bremsstrahlung became a target of opportunity for theorists like Yoshikatsu Sugiura, Robert Oppenheimer, and–again–Sommerfeld, who presented in 1931 a comprehensive treatise on this subject. Throughout the 1930s, Sommerfeld׳s disciples in Munich and elsewhere extended and improved the bremsstrahlen theory. Hans Bethe and Walter Heitler, in particular, in 1934 presented a theory that was later regarded as “the most important achievement of QED in the 1930s” (Freeman Dyson). From a historical perspective the bremsstrahlen problem may be regarded as a probe for the evolution of theories in response to revolutionary changes in the underlying principles.     

The saws of sawflies: exploring the morphology of the ovipositor in Tenthredinoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with emphasis on Nematinae

The variation in ovipositor sculpture and additional features of the ovipositor apparatus in Tenthredinoidea is explored. Two outgroups and 85 species of tenthredinoids were examined, the emphasis of the taxon sampling being on Nematinae. Twenty-four morphological characters where scored and the data set was analysed under different weighting conditions. The topologies derived from analysing the character set in TNT are poorly resolved and highly unstable when analytical settings are changed. Only a few clades, the Tenthredinoidea s. str., the Diprionidae, the Cimbicidae and the Argidae + Pergidae are consistently retrieved. The functional implications of the variation in ovipositor morphology within Tenthredinidae is discussed in relation to the qualities of the host plant, e.g. the hardness and the depth of penetration in plant tissue.     

信息环境下的高校图书馆与历史学研究

以计算机为代表的信息技术在图书馆的广泛应用,使图书馆呈现出文献资源共享、馆藏资源载体多样化及服务手段和服务方式灵活多样的发展趋势。图书馆的这种发展给历史学的学习和研究带来了良好契机,推动历史学朝着文献电子化、资源网络化、教学方式多样化及写作便捷化的方向发展。     

人生自是有情痴,此恨不关风与月——唐明皇形象在古代文学作品中的演变

唐明皇与杨贵妃缠绵哀婉的爱恋,永恒闪烁在浩瀚灿烂的历史星空。从《长恨歌》到《梧桐雨》,再到《长生殿》,唐明皇这一艺术形象逐渐由王权主宰者演变为人间至情的守护者。这种演变一方面受时代风尚和文学体裁的影响,另一方面则是由不同时代创作主体的创作意图的差异造成的。     

中国风险投资网络结构特性及其演化

根据1999～2018年中国风险投资事件,构建了5年移动时间窗的联合风险投资网络,从复杂网络角度研究中国风险投资网络结构、特性及其动态演化规律.研究发现:在网络关系属性方面,中国风险投资网络规模在不断增大,机构之间网络能力差异性大,不利于网络的均衡发展;在网络结构层次方面,中国风险投资网络存在局部紧密性,并且,随着规模...     

基于指标函数的舰载机机队回收调度优化研究

由于复飞逃逸、飞行故障等因素随机发生, 传统静态调度方法难以有效解决动态随机调度问题。对此,提出一种基于飞机优先序指标函数的蒙特卡罗模拟-差分进化搜索的实时调度算法。在离线模拟回收环境下,由算法完成基于随机模型的指标函数系数优化,后由该指标函数实现对机队优先序的实时评估排序,进而完成回收在线动态调度。仿真结果表明所提算法能有效解决回收调度问题。在相同机队初始输入下, 目标值呈现较好统计特性, 其期望值能够快速收敛到一定范围, 且无复飞情况下着舰时间窗目标呈显著正态性; 不同回收机队输入对指标系数最优值的散布较小, 表明指标函数评估优先序具有较好的通用性和有效性; 模拟回收调度发现, 着舰成功率的提高将显著降低机队复飞次数, 提高回收效率。