塔克拉玛干沙漠简单横向沙丘形态学示量特征

通过对塔克拉玛干沙漠不同区域发育的简单横向沙丘的形态学示量特征分析，表明简单横向沙丘的形态特征与沙源的供应有十分密切的关系，沙源的不同丰度导致简单横向沙丘的形态学参数之间有明显的不同，简单横向沙丘在发育过程中并不存在稳定的平衡状态，可能随沙源供应的改变其形态有所改变，而次生的横向沙丘由于主体沙丘对其有足够的沙源供应，因而形态可以得到充分发展，沙丘形态参数的统计数据表明，在简单形新月形沙丘-简单形横向沙丘-沙丘复合体的发展模式中，随沙源供应的增加，沙丘发育时间系列的延长以及其他因素如：风环境、植被等因素的作用，沙丘形态参数之间很难有确切的关系表达式。     

沙漠砂对水泥砂浆和混凝土性能的影响

在对腾格里沙漠砂和毛乌素沙地砂化学组成及物理性质测定的基础上，进行了沙漠砂配置砂浆和混凝土的试验研究．试验结果表明，腾格里沙漠砂和毛乌素沙地砂可以作为工程用砂，用于抹面砂浆和一般土木工程中的混凝土细骨料．     

Formation mechanisms of megadunes and lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert, Inner Mongolia

Field observations demonstrate that calc-sinters occurred in the lakes of Badain Jaran Desert. 87Sr/86Sr ratios,14C,δ 13C and mineral com-positions of calc-sinters,and 3He/4He,4He/20Ne,δ 18O,δ D,pH and TDS of water from springs and lakes are analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the lake water is supplied through deep fault zone. The “ker-nel” of stabilized dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert perhaps consists of calc-sinters and calcareous ce-mentation layers. Deep-seated groundwater effuses from this “kernel” and recharges to lakes in desert. Precipitation and snowmelt water from the Qing-hai-Tibet Plateau is fed into the Badain Jaran Desert,Gurinai,Wentougaole and Ejinqi areas through the Xigaze-Langshan Fault zone. The isotopic composi-tions of groundwater in the Alax Plateau are abnor-mal due to the strong evaporation of the Gyaring and Ngoring lake water in the headstream of the Yellow River. Groundwater dissolves dissoluble fractions of rocks during its transportation through the fault zone and flows out of the mouth of spring in the Badan Jaran Desert. The dissoluble fractions are finally de-veloped into calc-sinters and calcareous cementation layers around the spring. Calci-sinters are gradually largened and eventually emerge on the surface of lake water. Eolian sands accumulate on the surfaces of calc-sinters and calcareous cementation layers,and eventually develop into dunes. Invasion of magma causes an increase in the temperature of groundwater within the faults. Groundwater evapora-tion provides water vapor for the formation of humid stabilized dunes during its upwelling. Rhizoconcre-tions found in Yihejigede indicate that the dune was formed and remained immovable 4700 years ago. The height of the megadunes is proportional to thermal quantity carried by the groundwater.     

The ion chemistry of surface and ground waters in the Taklimakan Desert of Tarim Basin, western China

The physio-chemical and chemical features of water in natural conditions are controlled by the weath-ering of bedrocks,local climate,landforms and other geo-environmental parameters. In order to un-derstand the characteristics of water and the origins of the dissolved loads in the rivers and in the ground waters of the Taklimakan Desert,western China,we studied the ions in the water samples col-lected from rivers and wells. We collected water samples from four rivers (Keriya River,Cele River,Tumiya River and Yulongkashi River) in the southern desert and ground water samples from many parts of the desert. Major cations and anions were measured using ion-chromatograph and titration with HCl. The total dissolved solids (TDS),pH and conductivity were examined on site by a portable multi-parameter analyzer. The data show that the water in the rivers of southern Taklimakan is still of fresh water quality and slight alkalinity,although the TDS is comparatively higher than that of many other rivers of the world. The ground water is fresh to slightly saline,with TDS a little higher than that of river water in the study area. The concentration of ions is slightly different between the four rivers in the southern Taklimakan. However,the chemistries of ground water in all samples are to a large degree controlled by sodium and chloride. The ions in the ground water are concluded to be mainly from dissolving of evaporites,consistent with the dry climate in the region,whereas the ions in the rivers are mainly from rock weathering. Low-level human imprints are recognized in the ground water samples also.     

The microstructure and formation of biological soil crusts in their early developmental stage

Biological soil crust is a complex organic integrity ofcyanobacteria, green algae, lichens and mosses, fungi, andother bacteria. This is a common phenomenon in desertareas all over the world. Biologically, this kind of crustdiffers a lot from physical soi…     

新疆荒漠区沥青面层疲劳寿命分析

针对新疆荒漠区典型沥青路面结构,采用现场原型车辆加速加载试验手段,分析新疆荒漠区不同路面结构在实际路面荷载工况下,对沥青面层疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:现场原型车辆加速加载作用下沥青路面层底最大拉应变随着时间的增长而增大,且与时间的数学模型关系为相关性较大的对数函数关系;当超载率从0.31%~39.84%时,沥青面层底拉应变急剧增加,从而加速了沥青路面疲劳破坏进程;同时,超载越严重沥青路面结构设计对增加路面疲劳寿命的影响就越小。     

乌兰布和沙漠绿洲防护林体系小气候效应研究

[目的]研究绿洲防护林体系的小气候效应,为绿洲防护林体系的长期经营与健康发展提供科学数据.[方法]对乌兰布和沙漠绿洲防护林内、外2个气象站36 a(1983—2018年)连续监测的气象数据进行了统计分析,研究了2个站点的大气温度、地表温度、相对湿度、降水量、蒸发量,以及风速的年、季和月变化特征,分析了绿洲防护林内、外小...     

阿拉善地区降水同位素特征与水汽来源

基于2013—2015年阿拉善高原阿右旗的降水氢氧稳定同位素组成数据,分析阿拉善高原降水δD和δ~(18)O的特征与变化规律,揭示当地的水汽来源与迁移路径。结果表明:(a)阿拉善高原降水δD和δ~(18)O的变化呈现明显的季节特征,即夏季偏高,冬季偏低。(b)主要气象参数(降水量、气温、大气湿度和风速)中,气温是控制阿拉善高原降水δD和δ~(18)O的主导因素;通过与周边区域的比较,阿拉善高原当地大气降水线的斜率和截距较低,这是由阿拉善高原降水受到非平衡蒸发作用强烈所致;(c)HYSPLIT气团轨迹模型模拟和降水同位素分析揭示了阿拉善高原阿右旗降水主要来自西风和极低气团。     

鄂尔多斯沙漠高原白垩系地下水锶同位素的演化机理

结合地下水化学资料,应用含水介质和地下水Sr含量及87Sr/86Sr比值,对鄂尔多斯沙漠高原白垩系含水层中水-岩作用机制进行了研究.结果表明:含水介质中钾长石、斜长石和碳酸盐矿物的87Sr/86Sr比值具有差异,地下水87Sr/86Sr比值介于0.709 871～0.711 792.地下水Sr来源主要为碳酸盐矿物、硫酸...     

Respondence and feedback of modern sand deserts to climate change--A case study in Gurbantunggut Desert

The research on the respondence and feedback of modern sand deserts to the climate change is an important component part in the studies on the global climate change. Deserts respond to the climate change, meanwhile, they affect the climate with their feedback of peculiar environment during the respondence. Many researches on desert climate have been carried out at home and abroad. However, there is little research on the respondence and feedback of modern fixed, semi-fixed and mobile deserts in arid areas to the climate change, in which the factor analysis as well as the parameter changing effects is especially the difficult problem all along. In this note, the parameters of the respondence and feedback of Gurbantunggut Desert to the climate change are measured and analyzed, some variable parameters of water-heat exchange are obtained, and a numerical model of desertification is developed according to a series of climate change of about 40 years and the variable relations of meteorological and physical features of the sand surface in Gurbantunggut Desert.