AMT法勘查额济纳盆地与巴丹吉林沙漠接触关系

 查明额济纳盆地东部与巴丹吉林沙漠之间的接触关系,有助于分析额济纳盆地地下水水位下降、生态环境恶化的原因。通过当地地质资料和物探方法的对比分析,选择合理有效的音频大地电磁法（AMT）物探手段,在该区域进行了原始创新性的勘查工作。勘查结果认为额济纳盆地上升、巴丹吉林沙漠下降,两侧地层岩性厚度变化较大,推断额济纳盆地与巴丹吉林沙漠为张性断层接触。研究可为分析两者之间地下水转化关系和额济纳盆地地下水水位下降原因、探讨盆地与沙漠区地下水形成机制提供依据,对恢复治理额济纳盆地生态环境具有一定帮助。     

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘媒介蜱群落分析

为明确目前古尔班通古特沙漠南缘媒介蜱的流行情况和分布规律,对该地区11个生境点的考查分析。结果显示,获得的2776枚媒介蜱,隶属4属11种,初步确定了莫索湾沙漠区、克拉玛依干旱区、安集海农垦区和精河平原牧场媒介蜱的种群落组成和区域分布,并对其群落结构进行了相关分析,同时确定了在古尔班通古特沙漠区媒介蜱的优势物种为残缘璃眼蜱(Hyalomama detritum detritum)、亚洲璃眼蜱(Hyalomama asiaticum asiaticum)、亚东璃眼蜱(Hyalomama asiaticam)、盾糙璃眼蜱(Hyalomama scuperse);在农垦区和平原牧场地段内则以银盾革蜱(Dermacentor niveus)、残缘璃眼蜱、亚洲璃眼蜱、亚东璃眼蜱、盾糙璃眼蜱为优势蜱种。     

天漠嗜盐和耐盐细菌产淀粉酶活性及菌株多样性

采用平板水解圈法对分离自张家口天漠沙土的嗜盐和耐盐细菌（含放线菌）进行淀粉酶活性筛选,运用基于16S rRNA基因序列的分析方法对活菌株进行系统发育多样性分析.结果表明,76个受试菌株中,有34株淀粉水解酶活性呈阳性（44.7%）,其中有6株具有较强的淀粉水解酶活性;系统发育分析显示34个阳性菌株类群多样性和物种多样性较高,可以归为18个物种,分属于细菌域（Bacteria）的2门（Actinobacteria,Firmicutes）2科（Streptomycetaceae,Bacillaceae）8属（Streptomyces,Bacillus,Gracilibacillus,Halobacillus,Oceanobacillus,Piscibacillus,Thalassobacillus,Virgibacillus）;产淀粉酶活性较强的6株菌均属于厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）芽孢杆菌科（Bacillaceae）,分属于该科的3个属.其中菌株JSM 1684012,JSM 1684041和JSM 1685098属于芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）;JSM 1684067和JSM 1685082属于纤长芽孢杆菌属（Gracilibacillus）;JSM 1685081属于喜盐芽孢杆菌属（Halobacillus）.以上结果说明分离自张家口天漠沙土的嗜盐和耐盐菌中存在较高比例的产淀粉酶菌株,且这些菌株具有较高的类群多样性和物种多样性.     

沙漠砂混凝土轴心受压应力-应变曲线试验分析

为探究单一变量下沙漠砂混凝土应力-应变全曲线,分别设计4组不同沙漠砂取代率的棱柱体混凝土试块,进行单轴受压试验,分析沙漠砂混凝土破坏现象、破坏过程以及破坏特征,并研究不同沙漠砂取代率对沙漠砂混凝土峰值应变、极限应变、弹性模量的影响.研究结果显示:沙漠砂混凝土与普通混凝土相比,其破坏特征具有一定的差异性;取代率为20％时沙漠砂混凝土其轴心受压强度达到最高,且胶凝材料对沙漠砂包裹效果较为明显;沙漠砂混凝土脆性明显高于普通混凝土;沙漠砂混凝土无量纲应力-应变曲线上升段、下升段均采用过镇海模型较为贴合,且能准确描述沙漠砂混凝土在单轴受压作用下的变形特征.     

新疆鄯善产淀粉酶沙漠放线菌的生长特性研究

通过对从新疆鄯善特殊沙漠环境采集的沙样中分离纯化获得89株沙漠放线菌菌株进行分析研究,筛选出淀粉酶活力高的四株放线菌,继而进行了NaCl耐盐实验,pH耐受实验,温度耐受实验研究。生长特性研究结果表明,沙漠放线菌对NaCl浓度具有广泛的适应性,属于中等嗜盐菌,最适生长酸碱度和温度数值范围分别为7~9℃和28~48℃。XSS040804菌株的最高耐受温度为55℃。     

Validating a dust production model by field experiment in Mu Us Desert, China

It is essential for validation and improvement of a dust production model to perform field observations on dust emissions. The dust production model (DPM model) consists of two physically explicit sub-models, namely saltation model [1, 2] (eq. (1)) and sandblasting model [3] (eqs. (2) and (3)). Fh is saltation flux, E is fraction of erodible surface, C is a dimensional constant, ρa is air density, g is gravitational acceleration, U* is the wind friction velocity, Ut*(Dp) is threshold frict…     

干旱区内陆河流域荒漠河岸林变化研究

新疆塔里木河流域以胡杨为建群种的荒漠河岸林是我国及世界上胡杨分布最为集中的地区之一。通过分析该地区土壤含水率、地下水埋深、地形地貌类型与胡杨空间分布、龄级结构、郁闭度的关系,探讨其生长状况。同时,采用１９８３年、１９９２年及１９９６年遥感信息源编制植被专题图件,在ＧＩＳ支持下处理图件,并应用制图数据及相关自然及人文数据,分析胡杨面积变化及演替规律,强调了系统重建设及恢复的重要作用。     

New eco-morphological-behavioural approach of the chinchilla rats in the pre-Andean foothills of the Monte Desert (Argentina)

This study characterizes the ecology, behaviour and morphology of populations of Abrocoma schistacea and A. uspallata in north-western Argentina. We carried out live-trapping, tagging and recapture during 2006–2008. Burrow structure and vegetation were described. Diet composition and the activity of chinchilla rats were defined. Both species inhabit rock crevices in the pre-Andean foothills of the Monte Desert. Some of their morphological specializations for saxicolous life, such as foot pads for better traction on rocky surfaces and reduced nails, are convergent with those of other saxicolous species. Both species appear to be diurnal, with activity peaking in the early morning. Dietary analyses suggest trophic specialization by both species. Density of A. schistacea was of 0.15 ± 0.06 individuals ha^?1; with individuals living in groups of 3–4 animals. Given their low abundance, restricted distribution and high level of habitat and food specialization, we urge that populations of this species be protected through effective management.     

浅析塔克拉玛干沙漠降水云系特征及演变规律

文章在分析前人研究成果的基础上,总结归纳了塔克拉玛干沙漠降水云系的基本类型、特征、环流形势和云系演变的一般规律.云系类型归纳起来可以分为四大类:冷锋涡旋云系类,南支槽盾状云系类,大槽、低涡云系类,副热带西风急流云系类.这四类云系只要进入塔里木盆地活动,都会影响塔克拉玛干沙漠降水或大风、沙尘天气.     

Distribution of sand dunes and sand shifts along the southern fringe of the Mu Us Desert since the Ming Dynasty

This article takes the two segments of the Ming Great Walls, Dabian and Erbian, and their associated barracks and forts as geographical references. Based on a detailed scrutiny of historical records of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and on field surveys, the southern boundaries of the sand dunes and sand shifts of the Mu Us Desert in the Ming and Qing dynasties are carefully reconstructed. A comparison of the southern boundaries of the sand dunes and sand shifts of the Mu Us Desert in Ming and Qing with the modern boundary revealed in remote sensing imagery clearly shows that the southern boundary of dunes and shifts in the Mu us Desert has expanded only in a few areas and on a small scale. In the area to the south of Changle Fort, along the direction of annually prevailing winds, sand drifts have penetrated through the Jialu River valley into the loess region and have formed a sand strip of 32 km long and 3 km wide. To the east of Qingping Fort, sand drifts penetrated toward the eastern loess region through the Luhe River valley and have formed another sand strip of 8 km long and 2 km wide. Generally speaking, though the intensity of human activity has been increasing in this area since the Ming Dynasty, the Mu Us Desert has not significantly expanded toward the southeast or southwest. The sand-loess boundary in the southern fringe of the Mu Us Desert has been almost unchanged since the Ming Dynasty.