Tectonic types and evolution of Ordovician proto-type basins in the Tarim region

The Ordovician system is an important target for exploration in the Tarim Basin. Restoration of the Ordovician tectono-depositional environment is a key basis for the study of the structural development history in Tarim block and the prediction of the favorable Ordovician reservoir belts （zones）. Based on the surrounding tectonic settings, the litho-facies and sedimentary fill, the palaeo-geography, palaeoclimate and palaeo-ecology, and the structural deformation and magmatic eruptions, in this paper we combine the sedimentary fill in the basin with the development of the surrounding orogenic belts and re-build the proto-type basins of the different Ordovician periods. During the Ordovician period, the Tarim region was characterized by the composite of the interior cratonic depression with the peripheral cratonic depression. The interior cratonic depression in the central and western parts is mainly the deposiUonal area of the platform facies while the peripheral cratonic depression in the eastern part is mainly the zone of deepwater basin facies, with the slope acting as the transition belt between them. During the Late Ordovician period, the closure of the Northern Kunlun Ocean and destruction of the trench-arc-basin system in the Altyn Tagh region put the southern part of the Tarim block under com- pression and uplifting and turned the central and western parts of the carbonate platform into the mixed deposiUonal continental shelf. The eastern region of the basin had the over-compensated flysch sedimentation with huge thickness, marking the drastic turn of the basin nature. The basin tectonic framework turned to the south-north differentiation of the Silurian period from the east-west differentiation of the Ordovician period.     

Fundamental geological elements for the occurrence of Chinese marine oil and gas accumulations

The Paleozoic strata in the Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin are the major targets for marine petroleum exploration, with developed high quality hydrocarbon, mainly argillite. The deep burial of these source rocks suggests that they mainly develop gas instead of oil. But different maturities of organic matter may lead to different hydrocarbon facies. Through thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR）, the hydrocarbon in the carbonate rocks may undergo a process of pyrolytic cracking and be catalyzed into gases. The marine reservoirs mainly consist of carbonate and clastic rocks, and the former is controlled by sedimentary facies, dolomitization, solution, TSR and cracking. The multiphase tectonic cycling develops multiple source-reservoir-cap combinations and diversified types of traps and reservoirs, featuring multiphase reservoir formation, mainly late-phase formation or consolidation. Palaeo-uplifts play a controlling role in hydrocarbon accumulation. Differences in major source rocks in the three basins lead to different locations of oil-gas accumulation layers, different types and patterns of reservoirs and different features of reservoir formation.     

基于不同气候变化情景的东江流域水资源量预测研究

采用半分布式水文模型HSPF,结合1978-1998年东江流域实测气象数据和5个气候模式在3种RCP气候情景(RCP8.5,RCP4.5,RCP2.6)下基准期(1960-2000年)和未来时期(2020-2070年)降水、蒸发情景模拟结果,在对东江流域径流模拟检验基础上,对2020-2070年东江流域水资源量做了深入分析。结果表明,HSPF模型能很好模拟东江流域年、月径流以及洪水期径流变化,博罗站的NASH系数均超过0.81,PBIAS低于10%,RSR低于0.45;所选取气候模式能很好的反映研究流域气象数据在年内分布情况。对未来气候和东江流域水资源量模拟结果表明:1 2020-2070年不同气候变化情景下东江流域降水及蒸发量在RCP2.6和RCP4.5情景下均呈上升趋势,而在RCP8.5情景下,东江流域蒸发量则呈现下降趋势;2未来东江流域多年月均径流量呈增加趋势;3未来东江流域不同频率下的洪水和枯水流量均呈不同程度的增长。相对于基准期,未来时期的洪水天数呈增长趋势,洪水灾害有加剧态势。     

赤峰市平庄—元宝山盆地汉诺坝玄武岩的地球化学特征及其构造背景

对分布于赤峰东部平庄—元宝山盆地的汉诺坝玄武岩进行了岩石学、地球化学研究.结果表明,研究区内火山岩主要岩石类型为玄武岩及少量沉凝灰岩.玄武岩岩石成分较均一,主量元素变化不大,富钛、贫铝,富Na2O,低K2O.玄武岩稀土元素总量低,轻稀土元素富集,铕、铈异常不明显.玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素Rb,Ba,Th,K,Ta和LREE,高场强元素U相对亏损,相容元素Cr,Co,Ni含量较低.本区汉诺坝玄武岩属于拉斑玄武岩系列,火山岩的源区是软流圈上地幔,玄武岩形成于大陆裂谷的拉伸环境,是大陆板块内部稳定构造环境的产物.     

温度、压力对莺-琼盆地储层岩石物性影响的实验研究

为探讨温度、压力的变化对储层岩石物性的影响,利用高温高压岩石物性参数测试系统对莺-琼盆地中深层砂岩储层岩样进行了气体介质的变温及高温变围压孔隙度和渗透率测试。实验结果表明,莺-琼盆地储层岩石在高温下的热膨胀会造成岩石的孔隙度和渗透率出现轻微下降,热膨胀效应对孔隙度影响很小(变化率3%),对渗透率的影响相对明显(平均变化率8%),且喉道越小,影响越大。在高温条件下(170℃),压力因素引起孔隙度和渗透率的下降幅度要大于单一温度的影响,岩石孔隙度的变化主要受初始孔隙空间大小及泥质含量的控制,而高温条件对岩石的渗透率降低有抑制作用。实验岩石表现出的温度及压力敏感特性主要受岩石刚性颗粒含量及胶结强度的控制。     

江西会昌盆地埃达克质粗面岩年代学、地球化学与成因研究

江西是华南白垩纪红色碎屑沉积岩系最发育的地区之一,且常夹有火山岩层。会昌岽背村一带红色沉积岩系底部的火山岩具有较高Si O2和Al2O3,较低的Mg O,Si O2=59.0%~64.6%(平均61.9%),Al2O3=15.5%~18.9(平均17.7%),Mg O=0.28%~0.92%(平均0.55%);富碱和钠,(Na2O+K2O)=7.19%~10.1%(平均9.70%),Na2O=6.50%~7.70%(平均7.03%),在Si O2-(Na2O+K2O)图解上落入碱性系列粗面岩或粗面英安岩范围;CIPW计算结果显示,标准矿物Ab=57.2%~65.7(平均60.5%),Q=6.07%~14.7%(平均9.95%),小于20%,属粗面岩。稀土总量较低,轻稀土明显富集,重稀土强烈亏损,Eu负异常不明显,∑REE=114×10-6~168×10-6,∑LREE=101×10-6~148×10-6,∑HREE=14.9×10-6~19.6×10-6,∑LREE/∑HREE=6.54~7.52,(La/Yb)N=24.9~34.2(平均27.4),δEu=0.81~1.10(平均0.98%),在稀土曲线图上呈明显的右倾,具高压型粗面岩的特征。较低的Y和Yb含量,较高的Sr含量和Sr/Y比值,Y=8.99×10-6~11.7×10-6(平均10.8×10-6),Yb=0.55×10-6~0.82×10-6(平均0.7×10-6),Sr=329×10-6~836×10-6(平均498×10-6),Sr/Y=36.5~71.8(平均48.2),具有埃达克岩的特征;在不相容元素蛛网图上显示富集大离子亲石元素(Cs,Rb,Ba,K等元素),强烈亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nd),具壳源的特征。较低的(87Sr/86Sr)i值、较高的εNd(t)和较小的TDM2值,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7074~0.7082(平均0.7077),εNd(t)=-1.99~-2.60(平均-2.29),TDM2=1 071 Ma~1 120 Ma(平均1094 Ma),具年轻下地壳部分熔融产物的特征。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,14个分析点的206Pb/238U年龄变化范围为(114~108)Ma,加权平均年龄为(110.7±1.0)Ma,MSWD=0.47,指示地质时代属早白垩世晚期。上述特征显示,会昌岽背村一带红色沉积岩系底部的火山岩为早白垩世晚期加厚地壳背景下年轻下地壳部分熔融形成的埃达克质粗面岩。     

关中城市群城市建设工程地质分区与适宜性评价研究——以西安灞桥南部地区为例

关中盆地地质环境条件复杂,在城市建设及新型城镇化过程中,以往的城市周边工程地质研究程度严重制约了城市的可持续发展,因此开展城市周边工程地质分区与评价研究已成为当前新型城镇化发展工作中的关键环节。以西安灞桥南部地区为例,在已有地貌和岩土体类型划分的基础上,并根据湿陷量计算值将研究区划分为非湿陷区,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ级湿陷区,在此基础上进行了工程地质分区与评价。综合考虑地形地貌、工程地质、水文地质及存在的主要环境地质问题,采用多因子分级加权指数和法的定量评价方法,开展了研究区建设工程适宜性分区评价。研究成果可为中国范围内相似地质条件下的工程建设规划和设计提供指导和借鉴。     

扶余油层河湖频繁交替的比较沉积学依据

对松辽盆地下白垩统泉四段扶余油层检查井岩心及测井剖面观察发现,扶余油层沉积环境快速多变,灰绿色、紫红色泥岩交替出现,隔夹层稳定分布,在油层上部采收程度较高的情况下,油层下部出现了未动用油层。总结扶余油层的岩性、沉积相变化,发现其沉积环境与现代鄱阳湖沉积类似,两者都具有湖泊相、河流相沉积频繁交替出现的特点。将扶余油层与现代鄱阳湖进行比较沉积学研究,对比了扶余油层与现代鄱阳湖的沉积特征,提出扶余油层为与鄱阳湖沉积环境相类似的河湖交替相沉积的观点。     

山西宁武-静乐盆地侏罗系砂岩碎屑组分及物源分析

通过沉积相特征识别、砂体宏观特征观察、古流向分析、砂岩镜下骨架颗粒统计,并结合沉积速率法、镜质组反射率法、Dickinson图解等方法探讨宁武—静乐盆地物源区的位置、母岩组合及其构造背景。研究结果表明:宁武—静乐盆地侏罗系砂岩类型主要为石英砂岩、长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩;砂岩骨架颗粒类型及其量比关系表明其物源区主要为大面积的花岗质侵入岩(细粒花岗岩、闪长花岗岩等)广泛出露,并有一定量的变质岩(云母片岩、千枚岩、石英岩等)和沉积岩(砂岩、富含燧石结核或条带的碳酸盐)分布;砂体中古流向数据均值介于158°~204°,反映了物源区是位于该盆地以北的阴山—燕山一带;Dickinson三角图解结果表明物源区总体上处于华北板块北缘陆内隆升的构造背景,且中侏罗世晚期可能伴随有火山作用;天池河组地层原始沉积厚度为269.4~308.0 m,155 Ma左右,区域地层抬升遭受剥蚀,其剥蚀厚度为148.1~207.0 m,剥蚀速率为1.8~2.1 m/Ma,结合镜质组反射率法,侏罗系地层最大埋深时该地区古地温梯度明显偏高,反映了宁武—静乐一带受到燕山运动构造热事件的显著影响。