Building a high-resolution regional climate model for the Heihe River Basin and simulating precipitation over this region

Based on the Regional Integrated Environmental Model System （RIEMS 2.0） developed by START TEA-COM RRC and Department of Atmospheric Science of Nanjing University, a dataset of observation and remote sensing over the Heihe River Basin （HRB） was used to recalibrate the model＇s parameters, including topography elevation, land cover type, saturated soil water po- tential, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, field moisture capacity, wilting point moisture, soil porosity, and parameter b of soil hydraulic conductivity, to build a high-resolution regional climate model for the HRB. Continuous simulation for the period from January 1 to December 31, 2000 was conducted using the regional climate model, with NCEP-FNL reanalysis data as the driving fields. The study focused on the ability of the model to simulate precipitation in the HRB. The analysis results showed the following： （1） For precipitation, the model could reproduce well the spatial pattern and seasonal cycle in different regions of the HRB, simulated precipitation was overestimated in the upper reaches of the HRB and underestimated in the lower reaches of the HRB, and seasonal precipitation biases were mostly in the range of -39.9%-9.6% of observations, which is mostly consistent with the IPCC report （2001）. （2） The model could reproduce reasonably temporal evolution of pentad precipitation in different regions. Correlation coefficients between the simulated and observed pentad precipitation were 0.8123, 0.5064, and 0.7033 in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the HRB, respectively. They reached a significance level of 1%. （3） Dynamical downscaling of a high-resolution regional climate model was used to overcome the deficiency of long-term, high-temporal/spatial-resolution meteorological dataset in the HRB, and to drive directly the integrated model that coupled ecological-hydrological and socioeco- nomic processes in the HRB.     

厚层块状冲积扇沉积演化特征及其对油气富集的控制作用 —以百口泉油田百21井区百口泉组油藏为例

综合应用研究区丰富的密井网资料、取心分析化验资料及开发实践认识,通过取心井单井沉积相标定、平剖面沉积特征解剖,结合油层展布特征分析,明确了百口泉组厚层块状砂砾岩的沉积演化规律,并在此基础上了探讨了其油气差异富集机理。研究表明:(1)研究区百口泉组为干旱型冲积扇沉积,根据其内部沉积特征的差异可进一步划分为扇根及扇中2个亚相和7个微相单元,扇根以主槽微相发育为主,扇中以辫流水道微相发育为主。(2)百口泉组冲积扇整体呈不断退积的特征,B3砂组以扇根主槽块状砂砾岩发育为主,整体呈连片分布特征;B2砂组为扇根主槽向扇中辫流带过渡沉积,砂砾岩体由块状向近层状演化;B1砂组以扇中辫流水道发育为主,辫流水道砂体呈层状展布特征。(3)研究区油气富集平面呈现断裂处连片富集、近断裂处条带状富集和远断裂处富集较差的特征,剖面上呈现底部B3砂组富集较差,中部B2砂组最为富集,顶部B1砂组富集稍差的特征。研究区油气差异富集整体受构造及沉积特征的共同控制,断裂为油气运移路径,后期起到遮挡作用,加之断裂处扇根主槽块状砂砾岩储集层发育,导致其油气较富集;近断裂处受扇中辫流水道优势储层条带状分布的控制,油气富集亦呈条带状分布特征;远离断裂处扇中外缘有利储层发育较差,油气富集程度较低。     

明代归有光《三吴水利录》述评

《三吴水利录》是明代归有光编著的一部专论太湖流域水利问题的著述.该书比较全面地记载了此前有关太湖流域水利的诸家之说,清晰点评了诸家的观点,在前人对太湖流域水患原因探讨的基础上,深入分析了太湖流域水灾的成因,并提出治理太湖流域水患的基本思路和具体措施.它是一部颇具特色且影响较大的关于太湖流域水利史的著作.     

甘肃省藓类植物新纪录

报道了分布于白龙江流域的甘肃省藓类植物的1个新纪录科,8个新纪录属和66个新纪录种．新纪录科是四齿藓科（Tetraphidaceae）,新纪录属是白氏藓属（Brothera）,圆口藓属（Cyroweisia）,异蒴藓属（Lyellia）,拟白发藓属（Paraleucobryum）,平珠藓属（Plagiopus）,锯齿藓属（Prionidium）,扭毛藓属（Streblotrichum）和四齿藓属（Tetraphis）,新纪录种为白氏藓（Brotheraleana）,短颈圆口藓（Gyroweisia brevicoulis）,宽果异蒴藓（Lyellia platycarpa）,拟白发藓（Paraleucobryum enerve）和长叶拟白发藓（P．longifolium）等．     

Deep structure at northern margin of Tarim Basin

In this paper, a 2D velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle of the northern margin of the Tarim Basin （TB） has been obtained by ray tracing and theoretical seismogram calculation under the condition of 2D lateral inhomogeneous medium using the data of seismic wide angle reflection/refraction profile from Baicheng to Da Qaidam crossing the Kuqa Depression （KD） and Tabei Uplift （TU）. And along the Baicheng to Da Qaidam profile, 4 of the 10 shot points are located in the northern margin of the TB. The results show that the character of the crust is uniform on the whole between the KD and TU, but the depth of the layers, thickness of the crust and the velocity obviously vary along the profile. Thereinto, the variation of the crust thickness mainly occurs in the middle and lower crust. The Moho has an uplifting trend near the Baicheng shot point in KD and Luntai shot point in TU, and the thickness of the crust reduces to 42 km and 47 km in these two areas, respectively. The transition zone between the KD and TU has a thickest crust, up to 52 km. In this transition zone, there are high velocity anoma- lies in the upper crust, and low velocity anomalies in the lower crust, these velocity anomalies zone is near vertical, and the sediment above them is thicker than the other areas. According to the velocity distributions, the profile can be divided into three sections： KD, TU and transition zone between them. Each section has a special velocity structural feature, the form of the crystalline basement and the relationship between the deep structure and the shallow one. The differences of velocity and tectonic between eastern and western profile in the northern margin of the Tarim Basin （NMTB） may suggest different speed and intensity of the subduction from the Tarim basin to the Tianshan orogenic belt （TOB）.     

Detection of 2-thiaadamantanes in the oil from Well TZ-83 in Tarim Basin and its geological implication

Thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR） causes increasing of sulfur content in the oils, reduction of oil quality, and produces a toxic and corrosive H2S which may take great adverse effect on health and equipment. Although there are several ways to identify presence of TSR in gas field, yet in the case of oil with low H2S content, it is still very difficult to identify TSR. 2-thiaadamantanes is one of the most effective indicators of TSR. This paper for the first time discovers 2-thiaadamantanes in the oil from Well TZ-83 in Tarim Basin. A silver nitrate silica gel chromatography was used to enrich the oil from low 2-thiaadamantanes content to the level that GC/MS and GC/MS/MS can detect. 2-thiaadamantanes were assigned by comparison of mass spectra with published data, and the fragmental ions in mass spectra were confirmed by MRM mode of GC/MS/MS. H2S gas produced in Tazhong area is thought to be generated from TSR since 2-thiaadamantanes were present in the oil.     

三水盆地古近纪早期微体生物群及其古环境意义

 对三水盆地SB-01钻孔下古近系地层进行了微体化石分析,共发现介形类7属10种,分布于5个层位;轮藻化石9属15种,见于3个层位。根据介形类和轮藻化石的分布、丰度和分异度变化,讨论了三水盆地古近纪早期的古环境变化。分析结果表明,三水盆地古近纪早期可划分为4个环境演化阶段。阶段A（89.0~75.5 m）：气候较干燥,水体较浅的半咸水环境;阶段B（75.5~53.5 m）：气候温暖潮湿为主,湖平面上升,水体盐度仍较高;阶段C（53.5 ~ 21.0 m）：温湿－干旱气候条件交替出现,湖平面和水体盐度波动频繁;阶段D（21.0 ~ 5.2 m）：气候温暖湿润为主,水体较深,湖水逐渐淡化,相应于湖盆发育盛期。     

基于遥感和GIS的尼洋河流域土地利用变化研究

文章以1978年的Landsat MSS遥感影像和1988—2001两年的TM/ETM遥感影像为数据源,分别进行了遥感分类得到三期土地利用现状图,并采用了GIS空间分析技术。通过引入转移矩阵、变化动态度指数等描述土地利用空间动态变化的指标,对尼洋河流域的土地利用变化进行了时空过程分析,最后,探究了土地利用变化的驱动力。     

鄂尔多斯盆地长8、长6天然裂缝差异性研究及其对开发的影响

通过野外露头、岩心观察、成像测井以及压裂施工曲线等资料的对比,认为鄂尔多斯盆地长8、长6特低渗储层天然裂缝发育程度差异较大,裂缝分布规律性明显.西南物源储层天然裂缝没有东北物源和湖盆中心储层天然裂缝发育.结合微地震监测资料,研究了天然裂缝发育程度对压裂缝控制作用,在天然裂缝发育区,由于人工压裂缝可能沿天然裂缝延伸,形成较大的有效渗流面积,因此,油田开发井网部署不仅要研究最大主应力方向,而且还要研究天然裂缝的发育程度,天然裂缝发育区适当放大井排距下仍能建立有效压力驱替系统,提高单井控制储量,降低水淹风险,这对指导特低渗油田注水开发具有重要的意义.     

塔里木盆地北部于奇地区东河砂岩油气成藏与勘探前景

东河砂岩是塔里木盆地勘探热点之一.以成盆、成烃和成藏理论为指导,应用储层预测、流体包裹体分析等技术和方法,综合研究了于奇地区东河砂岩油源条件、储集条件、保存与储盖组合、圈闭条件、油气成藏期次与成藏过程.结果表明,区内油源主要来自阿克库勒凸起南部寒武系—下奥陶统烃源岩,油源较充足,具有一定的资源潜力;储集层类型以孔隙型为主,为中等容积、中等渗透性能储层,有利的储层分布区位于于奇东部地区的东南一带;储盖组合为下储上盖式,盖层封盖能力好;圈闭类型主要为非构造圈闭,至少发生了一次油气注入成藏期即喜山早期.提出今后勘探应突破传统的构造圈闭的束缚,坚持以寻找多类型圈闭特别是地层圈闭为原则.