H2与Cl2混合气光爆的最佳实验条件探讨

应用正交试验设计和直观分析法、方差分析法寻找Cl2与H2混合光爆的最佳实验条件。     

水下爆破的声压测量及其对海洋生物的影响

简述水下爆破的物理现象，根据水下爆破所产生的声波的特点，介绍一各垢声压测量方法，同时，通过地爆破点附近的的一些养殖海洋生物的检测，讨论水下爆破对海洋生物的影响，为瘘顾海洋开发与海洋渔业生产提供参考。     

Exceptionally preserved brachiopods from the Chengjiang Lagerst（a｜¨）tte（Yunnan,China）：Perspectives on the Cambrian explosion of metazoans

The Cambrian explosion was coined to describe the geologically sudden appearance of numerous bilaterian body plans（Phyla）around the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition,around 565-520million years ago.Many explanations and conjectures have been postulated in order to explain the pattern and duration of this explosive radiation of many different phyla of early metazoans.Here,we focus on the evolution of a phylum of marine suspension-feeding animals—the brachiopods,as exemplified by the exceptionally preserved taxa from the celebrated Chengjiang Konservat Lagerst（a｜¨）tte（Yunnan,China）.The abundant soft-bodied preservation at these fossil quarries gives us the only firm insights into what brachiopods looked like and how they functioned and lived when they first appeared on the Earth.Studies of Chengjiang brachiopods demonstrate that the early animals developed a remarkably varied organization of tissues and organs shortly after the onset of Cambrian explosion.In the marine suspension-feeding brachiopods,most importantly the tentaculate feeding structure of early brachiopods is already differentiated into two shapes of lophophore,anteriorly coiled（spiralled）and posteriorly arching tentacle crowns and the unique latter type was previously not documented from fossil and living brachiopods.Also unlike any known Recent brachiopod,all the known Cambrian brachiopods from Chengjiang have an open digestive tract that was disposed either as a Ushaped gut in linguliform and stem group brachiopods,or straight gut with a posterior anus in some calcareous-shelled stocks.Moreover,in contrast toliving lingulids,all the Cambrian brachiopods have an epibenthic lifestyle either cemented by a ventral valve or attached by variable pedicles to establish complex ecological community encompassing primary tierers and variable secondary tierers.It is therefore assumed that brachiopods were the first benthic metazoan that achieved their success in ecological stratification and tiering complexity by late Atdabanian.The setae are also important for the brachiopod suspension-feeding life style,and in the Chengjiang braehiopods they include two types cilia-like and spine-like setae.The mantle canals of different braehiopod species are also distinctly variable in arrangement,mainly disposed in pinnate,baeulate and peripheral conditions.Of these,the peripheral disposition of mantle canals is for the first time proposed here so as to differentiate from the bifurcate condition in recent lingulids in that the former is devoid of posteriorly extending main trunks of sinus,but possesses a diverging dorsal vascula media in dichotomy.     

聚氯乙烯树脂层对球罐爆炸碎片连锁破坏概率的影响

依据塑性理论分析聚氯乙烯树脂保护层存在条件下的碎片抛射与破坏目标的过程,提出碎片穿透保护层的厚度与动能消耗的计算模型,并根据碎片抛射方程确定碎片碰撞及引发目标连锁破坏的概率。以球罐为例,应用Monte-Carlo法模拟了保护层对爆炸碎片连锁破坏效应的影响规律。结果表明:保护层可占有较大的破坏概率,显著减少目标破坏的可能性,目标连锁破坏概率由于目标穿透破坏概率的下降而平均降低了约4个数量级。偏差分析显示,保护层对连锁破坏概率的降低程度超过了99%。碎片连锁破坏概率随保护层厚度的变化呈现指数递减关系。研究结果可为球罐防护措施的合理选材与设计提供理论依据,为降低多米诺效应出现的频率,应最大限度地避免罐体本身与碎片的接触。     

网络环境下的信息组织

随着网络环境的飞速发展,信息爆炸和信息污染日益严重,信息组织显得越来越必要。介绍了信息组织的必要性和原则,主要论述了信息组织的几种方式及其发展趋势。     

高瓦斯矿井防爆蓄电池电机车安全配套设施的研究及应用

文章首先介绍了矿井架线及防爆蓄电池电机车工作原理及优缺点,通过对屯兰煤矿架线电机车改造防爆蓄型电池电机车中安全配套设施的研究及应用,详细讲述了防爆型蓄电池电机车在高瓦斯矿井的技术参数制定、充电设备选择、供电系统设计、充电硐室布置、更换方案制定等内容,解决了矿井运输系统按规程要求更替,新机车完全替代架线机车性能指标的技术指标,并分析了该技术的经济社会效益及推广的可行性。     

管道腐蚀泄漏火灾的贝叶斯网络推理模型研究

为了研究长输管道腐蚀泄漏及蒸气云爆炸事故的演化规律,通过对埋地管道内(外)壁腐蚀失效、燃气泄漏、气体云团扩散及蒸气云爆炸等4阶段事件进行分析,构建埋地管线腐蚀泄漏火灾的贝叶斯网络模型。研究网络结构中节点变量的取值范围及离散化方法,并基于对事故统计和专家分析判断,设定节点变量的先验概率,量化节点关联的条件概率分布。在对贝叶斯网络推理策略研究的基础上,考察节点变量对推理结果的敏感性,验证模型的合理性。结果表明,长输管道腐蚀泄漏及次生灾害事件过程具有较大的不确定性,主要体现在中间事件均具有多种状态,事故演化路径概率受模型输入条件影响较大。贝叶斯网络方法用于描述事故过程中间节点事件间的依赖关系有较大的优势,可以定量衡量事故风险的不确定性。     

引信安全系统动态特性及膛内安全性研究

针对传统安全系统的隔爆部件在钟表机构的轮系失效时,可能引起的炮口炸的问题,提出一种消除此种危险的安全系统结构设计准则. 通过建立结构的动力学方程,得到回转体部件在弹道环境下的运动规律,同时用ADAMS仿真进行分析和验证. 研究结果表明这种结构能够消除炮口炸的危险,分析理论可以用于指导安全系统的设计.      

障碍物形状对瓦斯爆炸火焰传播过程的影响

为研究障碍物形状对瓦斯爆炸火爆传播过程的影响,利用水平长直爆炸实验管道,研究了圆形、半圆形、十字圆、四孔圆、挡板和网状共6种形状障碍物对火焰传播速度和瓦斯爆炸超压的影响. 结果表明,瓦斯体积分数为8%时,在半圆形障碍物下火焰传播速度最快,火焰加速诱导的较强激波对未燃气体的作用起到了关键作用,其它形状障碍物条件下火焰传播速度较低;瓦斯体积分数为10%时,火焰整体传播速度较低,四孔圆和挡板形状的障碍物下火焰传播速度最小;激波越过障碍物后受到火焰的影响较小,在不同工况下爆炸超压呈现出相似的分布规律.      

射孔弹爆炸作用下射孔枪动态响应的数值仿真

射孔作业时射孔管柱的爆炸冲击动力学响应成为油、套管柱系统振动、变形乃至损伤的主要原因. 为研究射孔枪内爆炸冲击波加载规律以及尤其引发的管柱动力学响应规律,建立包含一枚射孔弹的射孔系统有限元模型进行数值计算. 所得数值计算测点应变值与地面试验数据相对误差不超过10%. 进一步分析发现:射孔弹爆炸加载过程中射流冲击作用效果最为显著;射孔弹壳体对爆炸产物的约束作能够有效降低爆炸冲击对枪管的加载(损伤);相邻射孔弹爆炸冲击将会在弹间交汇、叠加,耦合结果与相位、弹间距相关.