基于小波分析与卡尔曼滤波的网络流量估计和预测方法

将目标状态的小波变换系数向量描述为卡尔曼滤波方法的状态变量,进而建立了网络流量估计和预测模型,能够实现周期内的实时跟踪和动态多步预测.利用CERNET华中地区主干网的实测流量数据对该模型进行检验,所有检验周期网络流量预测值的相对误差均值为4.58%,表明网络流量估计和预测模型具有较强的适用性.     

煤炭海运总量的灰色预测

基于灰色数学理论,通过常规全数据GM(1,1)模型及等维新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型分别对煤炭海运总量进行建模并预测,并与传统的最小二乘曲线拟合所得结果进行比较,结果表明,运用灰色理论所建立的等维GM(1,1)进行预测是可行的,而且精度较传统方法高。     

基于相对误差的线性组合预测研究

在讨论传统的组合预测方法的基础上,对相对误差准则下的线性组合预测进行了研究和推广。分别以"相对误差平方之和最小"、"相对误差之和最小"和"最大相对误差最小"为准则,给出了9个线性组合预测模型,其中有6个线性组合预测模型是新提出的,并且讨论了模型的解法。以美国加州电力日均价为例,给出了9种线性组合预测模型的预测结果,验证了新模型的精确性和优越性。     

Predicting Stock Return Volatility: Can We Benefit from Regression Models for Return Intervals?

We study the performance of recently developed linear regression models for interval data when it comes to forecasting the uncertainty surrounding future stock returns. These interval data models use easy‐to‐compute daily return intervals during the modeling, estimation and forecasting stage. They have to stand up to comparable point‐data models of the well‐known capital asset pricing model type—which employ single daily returns based on successive closing prices and might allow for GARCH effects—in a comprehensive out‐of‐sample forecasting competition. The latter comprises roughly 1000 daily observations on all 30 stocks that constitute the DAX, Germany's main stock index, for a period covering both the calm market phase before and the more turbulent times during the recent financial crisis. The interval data models clearly outperform simple random walk benchmarks as well as the point‐data competitors in the great majority of cases. This result does not only hold when one‐day‐ahead forecasts of the conditional variance are considered, but is even more evident when the focus is on forecasting the width or the exact location of the next day's return interval. Regression models based on interval arithmetic thus prove to be a promising alternative to established point‐data volatility forecasting tools. Copyright ©2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Adaptive Multiscale Ensemble Learning Paradigm for Nonstationary and Nonlinear Energy Price Time Series Forecasting

For forecasting nonstationary and nonlinear energy prices time series, a novel adaptive multiscale ensemble learning paradigm incorporating ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and least square support vector machines (LSSVM) with kernel function prototype is developed. Firstly, the extrema symmetry expansion EEMD, which can effectively restrain the mode mixing and end effects, is used to decompose the energy price into simple modes. Secondly, by using the fine‐to‐coarse reconstruction algorithm, the high‐frequency, low‐frequency and trend components are identified. Furthermore, autoregressive integrated moving average is applicable to predicting the high‐frequency components. LSSVM is suitable for forecasting the low‐frequency and trend components. At the same time, a universal kernel function prototype is introduced for making up the drawbacks of single kernel function, which can adaptively select the optimal kernel function type and model parameters according to the specific data using the PSO algorithm. Finally, the prediction results of all the components are aggregated into the forecasting values of energy price time series. The empirical results show that, compared with the popular prediction methods, the proposed method can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of energy prices, with high accuracy both in the level and directional predictions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the Difficulty of Measuring Forecasting Skill in Financial Markets

The use of correlation between forecasts and actual returns is commonplace in the literature, often used as a measurement of investors' skill. A prominent application of this is the concept of the information coefficient (IC). Not only can the IC be used as a tool to rate analysts and fund managers but it also represents an important parameter in the asset allocation and portfolio construction process. Nevertheless, a theoretical understanding of it has typically been limited to the partial equilibrium context where the investing activities of each agent have no effect on other market participants. In this paper we show that this can be an undesirable oversimplification and we demonstrate plausible circumstances in which conventional empirical measurements of IC can be highly misleading. We suggest that improved understanding of IC in a general equilibrium setting can lead to refined portfolio decision making ex ante and more informative analysis of performance ex post. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forward Rates,Monetary Policy and the Economic Cycle

The short end of the yield curve incorporates essential information to forecast central banks' decisions, but in a biased manner. This article proposes a new method to forecast the Fed and the European Central Bank's decision rate by correcting the swap rates for their cyclical economic premium, using an affine term structure model. The corrected yields offer a higher out‐of‐sample forecasting power than the yields themselves. They also deliver forecasts that are either comparable or better than those obtained with a factor‐augmented vector autoregressive model, underlining the fact that yields are likely to contain at least as much information regarding monetary policy as a dataset composed of economic data series. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于递推最小二乘改进算法的洪水预报模型研究

由递推最小二乘算法估算出的自回归系数在一定条件下具有最佳的统计特性,但在实际应用中,这种方法往往难以动态地把握水文现象的动态特性.为提高自回归洪水预报模型的精度,分别用衰减记忆、有限记忆及2种算法相结合的方法对基本的递推最小二乘算法进行改进,并利用这几种改进算法对白马寺水文站的实测径流序列进行了模拟演算.结果表明,这3种改进的递推最小二乘算法,都可以使自回归洪水预报模型取得较好的预报效果,但实际应用时应根据不同预报的侧重点选择相应的算法.     

皖南山区环境地质特征与滑坡地质灾害防治

文章以皖南山区环境地质特征、岩土体组成及其工程性质研究为基础,从人类工程活动与地质环境的互馈作用分析入手,探讨区域环境工程地质作用规律,对滑坡等地质灾害的发生及发展趋势进行预测;研究表明,对地质生态环境防护和塑造人地和谐的人类生存环境及保证区域经济、社会和环境可持续发展战略具有重要意义。     

三峡工程泄水建筑物水力优化设计

三峡大坝在运行期和施工导流期要求的泄水能力分别达10万m3/s和7万m3/s,大坝设有永久泄水深孔23个、表孔22个、导流底孔22个.大坝采用深孔、表孔、导流底孔3层孔口相间布置方式,缩短了溢流前缘长度,解决了枢纽泄洪难题.深孔的主要作用是宣泄千年一遇以下洪水,同时还担负着三期导流及围堰发电期间渡汛泄水任务.深孔具有数量多、尺寸大、水头高、水位变幅大、运用时间长和操作频繁等特点,其进口堰顶上游坝面及侧面采用1/4椭圆曲线,堰面下游接1∶0.7的斜坡段后再接R=30 m的反弧段.通过布置方案的论证和试验研究,深孔选用短有压管接明渠泄槽跌坎布置方案,底孔选用长有压管布置方案.