Varieties of noise: Analogical reasoning in synthetic biology

The picture of synthetic biology as a kind of engineering science has largely created the public understanding of this novel field, covering both its promises and risks. In this paper, we will argue that the actual situation is more nuanced and complex. Synthetic biology is a highly interdisciplinary field of research located at the interface of physics, chemistry, biology, and computational science. All of these fields provide concepts, metaphors, mathematical tools, and models, which are typically utilized by synthetic biologists by drawing analogies between the different fields of inquiry. We will study analogical reasoning in synthetic biology through the emergence of the functional meaning of noise, which marks an important shift in how engineering concepts are employed in this field. The notion of noise serves also to highlight the differences between the two branches of synthetic biology: the basic science-oriented branch and the engineering-oriented branch, which differ from each other in the way they draw analogies to various other fields of study. Moreover, we show that fixing the mapping between a source domain and the target domain seems not to be the goal of analogical reasoning in actual scientific practice.     

适于大斜视角星载SAR系统的改进距离┐多普勒算法

分析了当天线斜视角增大时,导致传统距离－多普勒成像算法性能下降的主要误差来源。提出了一种适合大斜视角星载ＳＡＲ系统的改进距离－多普勒算法,并给出了处理仿真点目标数据得到图像质量的比较。结果表明,在大斜视角情况下,改进算法的性能远大于传统的距离－多普勒成像算法。     

基于改进相关邻域模型的SAR图像RCS重构

提出了一种基于改进相关邻域模型的SAR图像RCS重构滤波器,特别对高分辨率的SAR图像具有很好的去斑效果。本算法虽然是一种RCS重构算法,但是通过采用非线性积累的方法,可明确地把图像划分为阴影、背景和目标区,直接达到SAR图像目标检测的结果。本算法在平滑图像的同时,克服了多视平滑降低图像分辨率的固有缺陷,并且能较好地保持图像的边缘信息,能极大地提高后续SAR图像解释的效率。     

徐州、铜山地区矿产赋存的地质条件和进一步找矿的方向

徐州、铜山地区矿产资源丰富,至今仅开发部分煤、内生铁矿和石灰岩。根据地层、地质构造和岩浆岩特征分析,这地区不仅存在许多上述矿产,而且拥有大量铝土矿、沉积铁矿、白云岩、迭层石石灰岩、铜、金和银等矿床。应向新区和按确定的标志寻找新矿,或采用综合方法开采靠近煤层的矿床。     

蚯蚓和蚓粪喂养革胡子鲶的试验研究

动物蛋白饵料不足,是影响革胡子鲶产量的原因之一,本试验表明,蚯蚓和蚓粪可作为革胡子鲶的优良动物蛋白饵料.用蚯蚓和蚓粪喂养革胡子鲶,既可提供各种必需氨基酸、维生素和微量元素,还可促进池塘中有益浮游生物的生长,改变水质,从而提高质量,增加经济效益.     

三维力场、电磁场、温度场的综合物理场方程及应用

本文推广了Euler-Lagrange方程,提出了适用于非保守系统的普遍关系式——综合物理场方程,并通过相似和对偶理论把三维(包括二维)力场、电磁场和温度场三者很好地联系和统一起来,提出了综合的物理场理论与数值计算法。     

具有超椭圆信息量损失准则的主成分双向变量选择法及其应用

提出了用具有超椭圆信息量损失准则的主成分分析双向变量选择法（ＥＰＴＳＶ法）来确定最佳变量子集。赋予超椭圆准则相应的几何解释，具有多维空间的直观性。利用此ＥＰＴＳＶ方法对一实际合成氨系统５０多个变量进行了选择，得到了７个主变量，即最佳变量子集。     

Genetic Algorithms to the Nesting Problem in the Leather Manufacturing Industry

The nesting problem in the leather manufacturing is the problem of placing a set of irregularly shaped pieces (called stencils) on a set of irregularly shaped surfaces (called leathers sheets). This paper presents a novel and promising processing approach. After the profile of leather sheets and stencils is obtained with digitizer, the discretization makes the processing independent of the specific geometrical information. The constraints of profile are regarded thoroughly. A heuristic bottom-left placement strategy is employed to sequentially locate stencils on sheets. The optimal placement sequence and rotation are deterimined by genetic algorithms (GA). A natural concise encoding method is developed to satisfy all the possible requirements of the leather nesting problem. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can not only be applied to the normal two-dimensional nesting problem, but also especially suitable for the placement of multiple twodimensional irregular stencils on multiple two-dimensional irregular sheets.     

从血清中提取IgG免疫球蛋白

本文主要阐述了一个综合性大实验的设计,使之应用于实验教学,提高学生的实验技能和创新能力。     

高收缩涤纶应用于合成革基布的探讨

高收缩涤纶是国内新研制成功的具有极高收缩率的新型纤维。本文是利用高收缩涤纶这一特性,分别通过20个不同方案进行试样制和性能测试,通过数据分析处理,其结果表明:在实验条件下,将高收缩涤纶运用于合成革基布,切实可行,并得到高致密度、平整度、合理的物理机械性能的合成革基布的最优工艺参数。