波纹管对高黏度介质的强化传热研究

通过数值模拟和实验研究考察了一种黏度较高的油类介质在波纹管内的流动和传热特性。研究发现,在本文条件下,波纹管内流动从层流发展到湍流的临界雷诺数远小于传统光滑圆管内的临界雷诺数,约在800～1000左右;波纹管在低雷诺数条件下对较高黏度的介质具有更好的强化传热效果,最大传热强化比达到6倍左右;本文拟合出的波纹管内高黏度介质强制对流时的传热准则关联式,考虑了波纹管管型及不同温度下介质物性参数的影响,经验证具有较好的精度,这为波纹管换热器的进一步工程设计和应用提供了一定的理论依据。     

B2O3对高铝钢连铸保护渣理化性能的影响

高铝钢连铸过程中,为了避免或减轻钢液中Al与保护渣中SiO2发生反应,设计了低SiO2、高Al2O3含量的高铝钢连铸保护渣,通过添加适量的酸性氧化物B2O3协调熔渣酸碱性,利用实验分析了B2O3含量对高铝钢保护渣熔融特性、黏度特性及渣膜传热特性的影响。结果表明,B2O3含量在4%～10%时,随着B2O3含量增加,保护渣熔化温度、黏度、黏流活化能均降低,渣膜热流密度增加;保护渣的等温转变曲线(TTT曲线)向孕育时间增加的方向移动,晶体生长速率降低;实验条件下,增加B2O3含量可抑制保护渣中CaF2的析出。     

The effect of nanohybrid materials on the pour-point and viscosity depressing of waxy crude oil

The pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil is a problem both at home and abroad.In this paper,a novel nanohybrid pour-point depressant (PPD) was used to decrease the pour point and viscosity of waxy crude oil.The pour point and apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil was decreased significantly upon addition of the nanohybrid PPD,and the long-term stability of the nanohybrid PPD was superior to that of a conventional ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer PPD.Polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the effect of the nanohybrid PPD on the crystallization of crude oil.Addition of the nanohybrid PPD reduced the amount of wax crystals,prevented their aggregation,and reduced the temperature at which the crude oil started to crystallize.The significant effect of this nanohybrid PPD on the pour point and viscosity depressing of crude oil is of great importance for facilitating the safe,efficient and energy-minimized transportation of waxy crude oil.     

综合碱度对连铸保护渣黏性特征的影响

利用旋转黏度计,全面研究连铸保护渣的黏度、凝固温度和黏性活化能与碱度、综合碱度之间的关系.在本实验渣系条件下,随着综合碱度的增大,连铸保护渣的黏度、凝固温度和黏性活化能均逐渐减小,并且随着综合碱度的增大,其对黏性特征的影响作用逐渐减弱.利用连铸保护渣的黏度、凝固温度和黏性活化能与综合碱度的回归方程,可以全面考察渣中各组元对连铸保护渣黏性特征的影响作用,精确预测连铸保护渣的黏性特征.当综合碱度为2.0时,连铸保护渣的黏度为0.17 Pa.s,凝固温度为1 030℃,黏性活化能为120 kJ.mol-1.综合国内外连铸保护渣应用实践,连铸保护渣的综合碱度应大于2.0,此时连铸保护渣的黏性特征保持相...     

The trefoil factor family – small peptides with multiple functionalities

The trefoil factor family (TFF) comprises a group of small peptides which are highly expressed in tissues containing mucus-producing cells – especially in the mucosa lining the gastrointestinal tract. The peptides seem crucial for epithelial restitution and may work via other pathways than the conventional factors involved in restitution. In vitro studies have shown that the TFFs promote restitution using multiple mechanisms. The peptides also have other functionalities including interactions with the immune system. Moreover, therapeutic effects of the TFFs have been shown in several animal models of gastrointestinal damage. Still it is not clear which of their in vitro properties are involved in the in vivo mode of action. This review describes the TFF family with emphasis on their biological properties and involvement in mucosal protection and repair. Received 10 October 2008; received after revision 07 November 2008; accepted 10 November 2008     

用力敏传感器测定液体的表面张力系数

采用力敏传感器测量液体的表面张力系数的新方法,可以提高测量的精确度和稳定性,具有实用性和推广价值。     

软基处理方法

道路软基处理尽可能早期进行，有充分的间隔时间使软基达到沉降稳定后方可进行填土施工。本文介绍了软基处理的四种方法。     

水溶性共轭聚合物PPEASO3分子量的粘度法估测

利用稀溶液粘度法对所合成的水溶性共轭聚合物PPEASO3的分子量进行了估测.先通过含0.1M NaNO3的PPEASO3水溶液的粘度测量数据求出其特性粘数[η],再利用Mark-Houwink方程[η]=KMαη和有关文献中的三种参考聚合物的K、α值计算得到聚合物的粘均分子量Mη,最后取其平均值得到PPEASO3的粘均分子量为Mη≈150KD.     

蓖麻油粘滞系数与温度关系实验的研究

采用落球法研究了蓖麻油的粘滞系数与温度的关系。通过测量小球在不同温度的蓖麻油中下落的速度,计算出粘滞系数,利用计算机软件进行辅助处理,得出了甘油的粘滞系数与温度关系的经验公式。     

木质素氧化制取表面活性剂的适宜条件

通过正交实验研究了过氧化氢用量、氧气压力、最高温度、保温时间等条件对麦草氧化碱木质表面活性、氧化木质素中酸溶及酸不溶木质素含量的影响。结果表明，对氧化木质素表面活性及氧化后木质素中酸溶木质素的含量产生影响的4个因素的主次顺序为：过氧化氢用量，最高温度、保温时间，氧气压力。当过氧化氢用量为20％、最高温度90℃、保温时间0．5h、氧气压力0．6MPa时，氧化木质素的表面活性最好。当过氧化氢用量为20％、最高温度90℃、保温时间1h、氧气压力为0．4MPa时，氧化木质素中酸溶木质素所占的比例最高。