考虑因子容差的多响应曲面稳健优化

针对现有的多响应优化方法只注重某种最优性指标(例如满意度)的构建,而忽略了因子容差扰动的影响,提出了一种稳健的满意度函数法,对多响应曲面问题进行稳健优化。该方法在传统的满意度函数法的基础上,根据设计因子的容差区域定义总体满意度的稳健性度量指标,并引入混合遗传/模式搜索算法对该指标进行最大化寻优,得到因子的稳健最优水平。实例表明,随着因子容差区域的逐渐变大,该方法更容易寻找到稳健可行域中的解。与传统方法相比,所获得的稳健最优解对因子容差具有更好的抗干扰性,从而更具应用价值。     

水利工程方涵大体积混凝土裂缝分析及防治

某水利工程混凝土方涵分段浇筑施工过程中,每段长15m的涵体两端部向内5m左右部位,规律地出现了表面可见的细微竖向贯通裂缝．对设计和施工过程进行了详细分析,最终调整混凝土的配合比,减少了水泥用量,有效控制了裂缝重现．     

城市道路排水设计的探讨

城市道路排水是城市道路设计的重要组成部分,它不仅影响城市道路的使用寿命,还影响到城市的清洁、美化。文章着重介绍了城市道路排水的重要性,论证分析了路基排水、路面排水、立交排水和绿化带排水设计等在实践中的应用。     

Protein adsorption on the poly（L-lactic acid） surface modified by chitosan and its derivatives

Surface modification of biomaterials has been adopted over the years to improve their biocompatibility. In this study, aiming to promote hydrophilicity and to introduce natural recognition sites onto poly（L-lactic acid） （PLLA） films, chitosan and its derivatives, carboxymethyl chitosan（CMC） and N-methylene phosphonic chitosan （NPC）, were used to modify the surface of PLLA films by an entrapment method. Radiolabeled （^125I） proteins were used to measure the amount of protein adsorbed to PLLA surfaces. Fibronectin （Fn） was used to study the protein adsorption on the modified PLLA surfaces, including isotherm adsorption and adsorption kinetics of single protein, competitive adsorption of binary proteins system and serum multi-proteins and the desorption behavior in serum solution. The results showed that in the isotherm adsorption, Fn had a larger adsorption capacity on the CS-modified surface at lower concentrations, but had a high adsorption capacity at CMC-modified surface at higher concentrations. In the study of absorption kinetics, Fn had a fastest adsorption equilibrium and a highest equilibrium adsorption capacity at the CS-modified surface, while it was opposite at the PCS-modified surface. When BSA and serum were added, it had the greatest effect on the adsorption of Fn on the PCS-modified surface. After 6 hours soaking in the desorpUon study, Fn had reached desorption equilibrium on all the modified surfaces, which had different effects on the desorption rate and the remaining percentage of Fn.     

遥控水面垃圾自动清理船

遥控水面垃圾清理船是针对各种湖泊河道,尤其是狭窄河道、景区、公园内的湖泊的固体垃圾清理问题,通过方案设计、分析、测试、实践,最后优化设计而成。它结构简单,易于维修,成本较低,易于推广。此外,它可实现零半径转向,有效清除狭窄水面的垃圾,还可通过遥控作业提高安全性,可利用太阳能,具有环保等特性。     

Comparison of sensible and latent heat fluxes during the transition season over the western Tibetan Plateau from reanalysis datasets

The sensible and latent heat fluxes during the transition season over the western Tibetan Plateau from the NCEP-1 (NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1), AR-II (NCEP-DOE Reanalysis 2) and ERA40 reanalysis datasets were compared and analyzed. The results show that the phase change in soil moisture has a significant effect on the sensible and latent heat fluxes over the western Tibetan Plateau (TP) due to the freezing–thawing processes during the transition from the dry to the wet period. The uncertainties in the sensible and latent heat fluxes over the western TP are quite high in the reanalysis data, and depend largely on the success of the soil moisture simulations in the models. Improving the hydrological process simulations in the land-surface models in seasonally frozen ground and in the active frozen soil layer may be an effective way of enhancing the reliability of the surface heat fluxes from the reanalysis data over the Tibetan Plateau.     

塔里木盆地地面风场与FNL资料的误差分析

塔里木盆地是全球沙尘暴的高发中心,其沙尘气溶胶对全球气候有重要的影响,是研究全球变化的热点区域之一。因地形和沙漠腹地观测资料的缺乏,常用FNL(最终分析资料)分析资料来代替地面的实际风场去驱动数值模式。利用2001—2010年十年的FNL的地面风要素资料,将其插值到盆地中相应台站,并通过二者风速相关、风速的绝对误差以及风向的对比分析,结果表明:仅塔里木盆地东北部的三个站点观测的风要素与FNL的插值结果基本相一致,仅占总站数的13.6%。显然用FNL最终分析资料的插值结果来代替地面观测的风要素具有非常大的误差,不能用FNL最终分析资料来代替塔里木盆地地面的实际风场;否则将导致以FNL最终分析资料驱动的,所有同风场有关的数值模式在该地区失效。     

盾构近距离侧穿建筑遗产的施工技术分析及保护措施加固效果

为严格控制地表沉降,最大限度地减小施工对不可复制建筑遗产的影响,本文结合郑州地铁3号线近距离侧穿全国重点文物保护单位——二七纪念塔的实际工程,采用数值模拟和现场实测的方法,建立隧道-土体-建筑遗产的三维有限元模型,进行了盾构施工前二七纪念塔周边加固效果分析、施工技术参数优化分析、施工现场实测值与数值计算值对比分析;验证了排桩加固效果、施工技术参数选取的合理性、数值计算和监测数据的一致性。最后,有效的控制了地表沉降,顺利通过二七纪念塔,确保了其安全性和完整性,为同类工程施工提供参考。     

含相互作用裂纹海洋立管疲劳寿命数值分析

采用ANSYS有限元软件计算含不同尺寸裂纹的海洋立管在内压和波浪力共同作用下的疲劳寿命,分析了海洋立管的疲劳寿命随裂纹几何参数的变化规律.发现对于深度a=5mm长度变化的裂纹,海洋立管的疲劳寿命随着裂纹夹角的增大逐渐减小;当裂纹之间的夹角从10°增加到50°时,疲劳寿命随裂纹长度的增加而减小的程度趋于平缓,即两裂纹之间的夹角对海洋立管疲劳寿命的影响随着裂纹夹角的增大而逐渐减弱.     

基于增强拓扑神经演化强化学习的水面无人艇局部路径规划

针对水面无人艇(unmanned surface vessel, USV)在复杂环境下的局部路径规划问题,对USV路径规划问题进行了数学建模,提出了基于增强拓扑神经演化(neuroevolution of augmenting topologies, NEAT)算法的局部路径规划方法;设计了神经网络初始结构和演化参数,对初始神经网络结构进行演化实现避障及到达指定目标的路径规划任务;通过设计适应度函数,实现路径点数目的优化。仿真结果表明:利用NEAT算法演化神经网络的方法能够使USV在复杂的环境中准确避开障碍物并到达目标点,且在路径点数目和鲁棒性方面优于传统的模糊逻辑算法与人工势场算法。