Making the abstract concrete: The role of norms and values in experimental modeling

Experimental modeling is the construction of theoretical models hand in hand with experimental activity. As explained in Section 1, experimental modeling starts with claims about phenomena that use abstract concepts, concepts whose conditions of realization are not yet specified; and it ends with a concrete model of the phenomenon, a model that can be tested against data. This paper argues that this process from abstract concepts to concrete models involves judgments of relevance, which are irreducibly normative. In Section 2, we show, on the basis of several case studies, how these judgments contribute to the determination of the conditions of realization of the abstract concepts and, at the same time, of the quantities that characterize the phenomenon under study. Then, in Section 3, we compare this view on modeling with other approaches that also have acknowledged the role of relevance judgments in science. To conclude, in Section 4, we discuss the possibility of a plurality of relevance judgments and introduce a distinction between locally and generally relevant factors.     

Population dynamics,age structure and sex ratio of the bromeliad-dwelling jumping spider,Psecas chapoda (Salticidae)

In this study, the population fluctuations, phenology and sex ratio of the bromeliad-dwelling jumping spider Psecas chapoda were investigated in an area of semi-deciduous forest in south-eastern Brazil. Psecas chapoda occurred and reproduced on Bromelia balansae (Bromeliaceae) throughout the year. The number of egg sacs increased at the beginning of the rainy season (September to December), but the population size and phenology were stable over time and correlated weakly with rainfall and temperature. The principal factor affecting the dynamics of P. chapoda was the blooming of B. balansae, which expelled spiders because of the drastic change in plant architecture. Male spiders were more frequent than females during the juvenile phase, whereas females were more frequent than males during the subadult and adult phases, suggesting a sex ratio that favoured males. The biotic and abiotic factors that influence the population dynamics and sex-dependent vulnerability determination are discussed.     

Setal diversity,trophic modes and functional morphology of feeding appendages of two callianassid shrimps,Callichirus major and Sergio mirim (Decapoda: Thalassinidea: Callianassidae)

In the present study we investigate the trophic behaviour, stomach content and morphology of the feeding appendages, with emphasis on setae, of two callianassids; a generalist feeder, Callichirus major (Say, 1818) and a strict deposit feeder, Sergio mirim (Rodrigues, 1971). Of the 87 setal types described, only 5% were common to both species. Setal types were clustered in four main categories; plumed, serrate, plumodenticulate and simple. Callichirus major has higher setal diversity than S. mirim. Relative to the amount of setal types present in each species, C. major has a higher ratio of serrate to plumodenticulate setal types and similar percentages of plumed and simple setae. Examining the setae and spatial position of the segments of the feeding appendages, it is possible to infer that the main function of the dactyli, propodi and basal endites is to brush particles, while the meri, ischia and coxal endites retain sediment. The setal diversity found on the feeding appendages reflected the diverse trophic strategies of the callianassid species studied. Exclusive deposit feeders, e.g. S. mirim, appear to have fewer setal types than generalist feeders, e.g. C. major. Apparently, the higher ratio of serrate to plumodenticulate setal types in Callianassidae depends more on the necessity to triturate particles prior to ingestion than on the trophic mechanism used by the species.     

锂渣作为混凝土掺合料的可行性研究

本文主要研究了以锂渣作为掺合料对混凝土工作性能、抗压强度、早期抗裂性能的影响,并且分析了影响机理。试验结果表明:随着锂渣掺量的增加,混凝土坍落度出现一定的减小,而稠度出现相应的增加,混凝土的早期抗裂性能增强;从抗压强度角度考虑,锂渣在混凝土中存在的最优掺量是10%。     

斗轮取料机结构强度分析

本文以3000t/h斗轮取料机作为计算模型,依据《移动式松散物料连续装卸设备第1部分：结构设计规则》（ISO 5049-1-1994）,针对不同工况建立了ANSYS有限元模型,并对其进行分析计算,得出了各工况下的应力分布等结果,为优化设计提供了参照依据。     

浅析现代板式家具的特点

现代板式家具式样繁多，对其优缺点进行概括分析，有利于设计师、企业生产者对产品进行更好的定位。     

高层建筑结构设计课程教学改革

介绍了在高层建筑结构设计课程教学中进行的改革方法。在教学中重视结构的概念设计、调整教学内容、增加常用软件的教学,并把课程教学与毕业设计相结合,进行了毕业设计内容改革。通过这些教学改革,使学生对课程有了更好的理解,为今后的实践工作打下了坚实的基础。     

浅谈混凝土大坝裂缝成因及其预防措施

随着社会经济的发展，混凝土结构在工程建设中得到了广泛的应用。但大体积混凝土结构如混凝土大坝在施工及运用期间极易出现不同程度、不同形式的裂缝，对结构安全和正常运用产生了不利影响，严重影响工程寿命和经济效益的发挥。为此，本文对混凝土大坝结构中常见裂缝的成因进行具体分析．并在此基础上从结构、材料、施工及综合治理等方面提出了预防措施，从而可为混凝土结构的设计、施工和管理提供一定的理论指导。     

水泥砼路面施工质量控制浅析

当前，水泥砼路面在我国的公路、市政道路等建设中应用比较普遍，本文就其施工工艺在施工及养护中出现的裂缝成因与防治措施进行简单的探讨。     

中小企业融资结构与企业成长——以我国中小上市公司为样本

采用Z值模型衡量中小企业存在的融资风险,实证研究中国中小上市公司融资结构与成长性的关系。实证结果表明,当Z>2.4时的中小上市公司即债务融资风险小的公司,这些公司的融资结构与成长性显著正相关,这些公司适合采用债务融资;而当Z<2.09时的中小上市公司即债务融资风险大的公司,这些公司的融资结构与成长性显著负相关,这些公司不适合采用债务融资。