The sun compass

Summary The sun compass was discovered by G. Kramer in caged birds showing migratory restlessness. Subsequent experiments with caged brids employing directional training and clock shifts, carried out by Hoffmann and by Schmidt-Koenig, showed that sun azimuth is used and sun altitude ignored. McDonald found the accuracy to be ±3^o–±5^o. According to Hoffmann and to Schmidt-Koenig, caged birds trained at medium northern latitudes were able to allow for the sun's apparent movement north of the arctic circle but not in equatorial and trans-equatorial latitudes.In homing experiments, and employing clock shifts, Schmidt-Koenig demonstrated that the sun compass is used by homing pigeons during initial orientation. This finding supports the existence of a map and compass navigational system. Pigeons living in equatorial latitudes utilize the sun compass even under the extreme solar conditions of equinox (Ranvaud, Schmidt-Koenig, Ganzhorn et al.). The use of the sun compass during zenith passage of the sun is being investigated.     

《孙子兵法》——理想主义与现实主义完美结合的典范

概括《孙子兵法》中现实主义和理想主义的具体内容,深刻分析孙子现实主义和理想主义实现完美结合的途径:在历史的境界中实现;在科学与艺术有机结合的境界中实现;在哲学的境界中实现。     

Astrology

Summary As a divinatory practice, astrology is without equal in both its colorful history and modern day popularity. Astrology has grown, over thousands of years, into a huge and ornate superstructure that lacks a central design. Although astrology has been dimly veiled by its occult mystique for centuries, the light of modern day inquiry has shown its substance to be mostly illusionary and revealed its foundation to be the shakiest possible: that of self-justification and anecdotal evidence. Despite the many claims of its practitioners and followers, extensive investigation has revealed astrology to be a great teetering monument to human gullibility.     

论孙中山在宪政实践中的实用主义

实用主义强调从实践经验中得出有用的知识,社会变革应依实际情况选择合适的政策。从心理、日常生活实践和中国传统思想三个方面,孙中山接受实用主义的影响。在宪政实践中,孙中山的实用主义表现在国体、民族问题、政体制度和宪政三阶段四个方面。     

孙中山的政党观发展略探

孙中山自创办兴中会始，整个一生即投身于资产阶级革命团体——政党建设。从中国同盟会、国民党、中华革命党到中国国民党，均由他亲自参与组建并担任领袖。从他领导进行斗争的漫长革命生涯中，可以看出他对政党政治认识的变化及其发展脉络。     

沈从文与《晨报副刊》

《晨报副刊》在中国报纸副刊史占据着重要的位置,它扶植培养了一大批作家,沈从文就是在徐志摩任主编时成长起来的著名作家。梳理沈从文与《晨报副刊》两任主编孙伏园、徐志摩的复杂关系能够使我们对一个作家与一份期刊间千丝万缕的联系有更深刻的认识和理解。     

孙中山土地思想及对当前房地产市场的借鉴意义

土地国有、有偿使用、征收单一地价税是孙中山土地思想的主要内容。在允许土地自由流转的基础上实行双轨制,即所有权归国家,使用权归私人,通过核定地价、照价征税、按价赎回三个步骤来完成国有化,目的是为了防止地价上涨引起贫富差距而带来系列社会问题。虽然孙中山的土地思想仍具有土地并非完全国有、实践困难、易造成腐败等局限性,但他土地思想的精髓对当前房地产市场的乱局治理具有一定的借鉴意义。     

从孙悟空的经历看《西游记》中佛与道的辩证关系

就《西游记》中的主要人物孙悟空的出生求长生及其取经经历设计，探讨了佛与道，分别从本心上和方法上教化孙悟空，佛道兼修方能养育人才的辩证关系。为我们更客观的理解和研究其他作品中的佛与道的关系提供了借鉴。