Rapid denudation of the Himalayan orogen in the Nyalam area,southern Tibet,since the Pliocene and implications for tectonics–climate coupling

The Himalayan orogen characterized by very high variability in tectonic and climatic processes,and is thus regarded as a natural laboratory for investigating the coupling of tectonics and climate,as well as the influence of this coupling on geomorphological processes.This study uses apatite fission track(AFT)dating of samples from a45-km-long section crossing the Great Himalaya Crystalline Complex(GHC)in the Nyalam area,southern Tibet,to constrain the timing and rate of late Cenozoic denudation.The AFT ages can be divided into two groups:(1)15–6 Ma,to the north of Nyalam town,for which the bestfit line of elevation-age has a gentle slope of 0.05,and for which a denudation rate of 0.27 mm/a is calculated;and(2)3–1 Ma,south of Nyalam town,for which the best-fit line has a steep slope of 0.64,and for which a denudation rate of 1.32 mm/a is calculated.The whole AFT ages has a positive correlation with sample elevation(i.e.,older ages are found at higher elevations),and the geographical location of the point of inflexion of the two fitted lines corresponds closely to the junction of Poqu River near Nyalam town.By integrating the AFT data with thermotectonic modeling,it can be inferred that the GHC has experienced two different periods of denudation:(1)slow denudation during middle to late Miocene(15–6 Ma)is recorded in the northern part of the GHC;and(2)rapid denudation from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene(3–1 Ma)is recorded in the southern part of the GHC.An abrupt change in denudation rate occurred between the two periods,with the Pliocene–Pleistocene denudation rate being five times higher than that during the Miocene.This abrupt change in denudation rate during Pliocene pervaded the Himalayan orogen,and was roughly synchronous with a marked change in global climate at 4–3 Ma,and intensification of the Asian monsoon.Importantly,the later period of rapid denudation in the study region closely coupled to the mean annual precipitation,while there is no clear evidence for large-scale faulting activity and associated uplift during this period.Therefore,climate(precipitation)is inferred to be the main cause of the rapid denudation of the Himalayan orogen since the Pliocene.     

长江中、下游燕山期热液铜—金矿床成矿流体

分别以安徽东狮子山隐爆角砾岩型、西狮子山矽卡岩型、沙溪斑岩型和铜牛井石英大脉型矿石作为实例，对长江中、下游燕山期热液铜－金矿床的主要类型作了成矿流体对比研究。这四类矿床的成矿作用早期均以高温（＞450℃）高盐度（＞45wt%NaCl equiv.)流体为特征，晚期流体温度和盐度均降低。这些矿床的流体来源均以岩浆热液为主，但在斑岩铜矿床成矿作用的晚阶段有一定数量的雨水加入。流体的沸腾对于各类矿床的形成均起过重要作用，尤其在狮子山矿床中存在着隐爆角砾岩阶段、矽卜岩阶段、石英－硫化物阶段和石英－碳酸盐－硫化物阶段的多次沸腾；长江中、下游燕山期热液矿床的大量产出，其原因之一是该区地壳富含流体，而流体的富集可能在很大程度上与扬子大陆板块在中生代向华北板块下方俯冲的过程中，俯冲带流体向前陆方向的回流有关。下冲板块前峰拆沉所造成的板块后方撕裂，为深部流体的回流提供了良好的通道。     

一个造山后花岗岩基：石耳山花岗岩的形成时代和成因

根据研究所得新资料，报道了江南造山带东段造山后花岗岩的一个实例：石耳山花岗岩．它的单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ同位素年龄值为０．７７～０．８３Ｇａ，因此该花岗岩形成于晚元古代江南造山带造山运动趋于结束或结束以后（造山运动结束时限被认为是０．８Ｇａ前后［１３］）．它为含绿帘石的碱性长石花岗岩，具高硅、富碱、过铝和较低的Ｚｒ、Ｈｆ、ＨＲＥＥ、Ｌａ／Ｙｂ、Ｒｂ／Ｍ（Ｍ＝ＨＲＥＥ、Ｙ、Ｚｒ、Ｈｆ等），以及趋近于零的εＮｄ（Ｔ）值等特点，起源于有当时年青的含基性岩组分参与的不成熟地壳物质．     

Zircon U-Pb ages for Wulian granites in northwest Sulu and their tectonic implications

The Sulu orogen is the eastern termination of the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt that results from the Triassic collision between the North China and the Yang-tze plates[1—4]. It contains ultrahigh pressure (UHP) meta-morphic rocks such as eclogite, granitic gneiss and marble. The Wulian complex zone, north to the Wulian fault in the Jiaonan area, is about 10—14 km wide and consists of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks that only ex-perienced greenschist-facies metamorphism (Fig. …     

Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age of garnet olivine pyroxenite at Hujialin in the Sulu terrane and its geological significance

Abundantbasic-ultrabasicbodiescropoutintheDabie-Suluultrahighpressure(UHP)metamorphicbeltandoccurasgroupandband.Muchresearchworkhasbeencarriedoutonthebasic-ultrabasicbodiesandmadeagreatprogressespeciallyonmineralogy.ThediscoveryofmineralassemblagesofUHPmetamorphismandexsolvedlamellaesuggestthattherocksmaycomefromthedeepmantleorwasonceemplacedintotheshallowlevelofthecrustandthensubductedtothemantledepthsduringsub-ductionofthecrust[1—13].However,theiroriginandtec-tonicsettingarestillacontrov…     

Finding of Neoproterozoic （～775 Ma） magmatism recorded in metamorphic complexes from the North Qilian orogen： Evidence from SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating

The Qilian Mountain is considered a part of the Cen- tral Orogenic Belt of China[1]. The Central Orogenic Belt of China, extending for a distance of about 4000 km long in the E-W direction from the east coast west- ward through the mainland China all the …     

Archean relic body at lower crust in Sulu area: Evidence from magnetic data

Atfer the new 1:1000000 aero magnetic data were processed and the three-dimensional inversion work was carried out,a vast high magnetic body northwestward was discovered,The magnetic body is located at the depth of about 20 km on the wes side of Tanlu fault and at about 25 km on the east side of Tanlu fault beneath the Sulu area,There is a difference of vertical distance of 3-5 km in depth between both sides,We think that the magnetic body is an Archeam metamorphic plate and belongs to the North China block .The Discovery of the magnetic body is significant for us to reconstruct the structure model of the Sulu orogenic belt ,elineate the suture of collision between the North China block and the Yangtze block ,and estimate the depth of slipping surface when the eastside of Tanlu fault moved northward.     

Confirmation of pelitic granulite in the Altai orogen and its geological significance

The existence of pelitic granulite in the Altai orogen was confirmed for the first time by detailed petrographic research and P-Tpseudosection modeling. The pelitic granulite has the assemblage of garnet ＋ cordierite ＋ K-feldspar ＋ biotite ＋ sillimanite ＋ plagioclase ＋ quartz with some samples containing the paragenesis of cordierite ＋ spinel. Peak conditions of the pelitic granuUte determined from the P-T pseudosection involved P = 0.5-0.6 GPa, T= 780-800℃ belonging to medium- to low-pressure type. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircon presented a metamorphic age of 292.8 ± 2.3 Ma. The discovery of pelitic granulite reflects an extensional environment with high heat flow in the southern margin of the Altai orogen during the Early Permian, which provides an important petrological constraint on the evolution of the Altai orogen.     

An experimental study of dehydration melting of phengite-bearing eclogite at 1.5―3.0 GPa

Dehydration melting experiments were performed on ultrahigh-pressure eclogite from Bixiling in the Dabie orogen at 1.5--3.0 GPa and 800--950℃ using piston cylinder apparatus. The results show that （1） eclogite with -5% phengite started to melt at T≤800--850℃ and P = 1.5--2.0 GPa and produced about 3% granitic melt; （2） the products of dehydration melting of phengite-bearing eclogite vary with temperature and pressure. Fluid released from dehydration of phengite and zoisite leads to partial melting of eclogite and formation of plagioclase reaction rim around kyanite at pressures of 1.5--2.0 GPa and temperatures of 800--850℃; （3） phengite reacted with omphacite and quartz and produced oligoclase, kyanite and melt at elevated temperatures. Oligoclase is the primary reaction product produced by partial melting of phengite in the eclogite; and （4） the dehydration melting of phengite-bearing eclogite at pressures of 1.5--3.0 GPa and temperatures ≥900℃ results in formation of garnets with higher molar fraction of pyrope （37.67 wt.%--45.94 wt.%）. Potassium feldspar and jadeite occur at P = 2.4--3.0 GPa and T≥900℃, indicating higher pressure and fluid-absent conditions. Our results constrain the solidus for dehydration melting of phengite-bearing eclogite at pressures of 1.5--3.0 GPa. Combining experi- mental results with field observations of partial melting in natural eclogites, we concluded that phengite-bearing eclogites from the Dabie-Sulu orogen were able to partially molten at P= 1.5--2.0 GPa and T= 800--850℃ during exhumation. The ultrahigh-high pressure eclogites would have experienced partial melting in association with metamorphic phase transformation under different fluid conditions.     

The subducted slab of Yangtze continental block beneath the Tethyan orogen in western Yunnan

The western Yunnan area is a natural laboratory with fully developed and best preserved Tethyan orogen in the world. Seismic tomography reveals a slab-like high velocity anomaly down to 250 km beneath the western Yunnan Tethyan orogen, to its west there is a low-velocity column about 300 km wide. In the region from Lancangjiang to Mojiang an obvious low velocity in the lower crust and uppermost mantle overlies on the slab. Synthesizing the available geological and geochemical results, the present paper demonstrates that this slab-like high velocity anomaly is a part of the subducted plate of Yangtze continental segment after the closure of Paleotethys. The collision of India and Eurasia continent starting from 50–60 MaBP might trigger thermal disturbance in the upper mantle and cause the uprising of asthenosphere, in that case the subducted Yangtze plate could be broken off, causing Cenozoic magmatic activities and underplating in the Lancangjiang-Mojiang region.