试论中学数学中逆向思维方法的应用——以定义、定理、公式的逆用为例

逆向思维是一种在数学学习过程中常用的方法,一般是通过数学概念的逆向训练、数学公式、法则的逆向训练、数学解题方法的逆向训练等方法培养逆向思维.在数学教学过程中,注重对学生进行逆向思维训练,促使他们由单向思维向双向思维发展,有益于培养学生思维的灵活性和创造性,进一步提高分析和解决问题的综合能力.     

The Ontological Status of Critique

Two previous papers by the author are summarized in order to provide the context for the arguments and results of the present paper. The author's previous research has identified the exact place where critique is epistemologically actioned and this enables the present paper to argue for the attribution of ontological status to critique. Since it is commonly acknowledged that a lack of critique results in dogmatism or bounded rationality, these latter two are investigated—in greater depth than previously considered in the literature—and, though they are shown to be inescapable, they provide a route toward a fundamental principle which systemically brings together ontological, epistemological, ethical, and emancipatory concerns. The principle can be stated as follows: One is more or less emancipated depending upon the extent to which one is aware of critique-bounded emancipation as an ontological necessity and thus to the degree to which one ceases to attempt escaping from practical critique into the realms of dogmatic emancipation and rationally bounded emancipation. The paper provides accurate definitions of critique and emancipation, showing that one cannot be considered without the other, thus framing the manner in which further discussion of these two intimately related issues can be continued. In keeping with the author's previous published research, the relevance of von Bertalanffy's deliberations to Critical Systems Thinking, as well as Sartre's philosophy to systems thinking in general, is upheld.     

宇宙学与战略"大思维"

宇宙学在近当代获得了长足发展,而这一发展正是孕育于强大而极富创造性的思维母体。从一般系统理论的角度来说,公司或政府机构等大型商业或政治组织的领导人可以利用宇宙学及其思维方法,进行战略性“大思维”,从而做出正确的决策。在本文中,作者不仅对宇宙学的具体理论和原则进行了归纳总结,而且还提出具体实例,以为这些领导人运用宇宙学进行战略高度的“大思维”提供佐证,从而进一步证明,“大思维”对于在复杂的现代组织中取得成功具有重要意义。     

Dealing with coercion: Critical Systems Heuristics and beyond

This paper begins with an introduction to the philosophy and methodology of Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH). Following this, various citicisms of CSH are reviewed. One particularly important criticism is that CSH should not be seen as a replacement for other systems approaches, but as complementary to them. It is this idea of complementarity that has led several Critical Systems thinkers to take CSH, along with a number of other systems methods, and try to show that they are most appropriately used in different contexts. CSH, it is said, is at its most useful when we are confronted with coercive situations. However, in this paper it is argued that coercion is usually characterised by closure of debate. Therefore CSH, which depends upon the possibility of communication (or arbitration) between stakeholder groups, becomes redundant when coercion is experienced. It is further argued that coercion can only be addressed adequately by widening our definition of systems practice to include campaigning and direct political action. There is still considerable scope for developing these areas in the systems domain.     

大学物理习题对思维品质的培养功能

通过举例,透彻分析了大学物理习题对大学生思维品质的培养功能.     

Developing the methodology of TSI: From the oblique use of methods to creative design

During the last 13 years, a dialogue has been conducted in the Critical Systems literature on the subject of choice betwen methods. However, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, researchers went in two separate directions. One direction involved an exploration of the “creative design of methods.” This is when the problem situation is understood in terms of a series of systemically interrelated research questions, each of which might need to be addressed using a different method, or part of a method. A synthesis is generated that allows each individual research question to be addressed as part of a whole system of questions. The other research direction involved the development of “Total Systems Intervention” (TSI), a meta-methodology that, amongst other things, encourages the creative exploration of the problem situation prior to the choice of methods. One of the latest innovations in TSI is a theory of the “oblique” use of methods. This is the use of methods for purposes other than those they were originally designed for. However, it is argued here that all the case studies that have been subject to an “oblique” interpretation can be better explained if they are seen as examples of the creative design of methods. We can therefore bring together the two strands of research that have hitherto been pursued separately in the Critical Systems literature. it is suggested that TSI can be enhanced by an understanding of the creative design of methods because the latter allows us to explain the purposive, flexible, and responsive way in which TSI is most successfully used in practice.     

岜沙“人树合一”观念的逻辑解读

文化是人类社会特有的现象,不同的群体在不同的环境中会形成独具本民族特色的文化,独特的生活方式和思维方式是其文化的具体表现形式.不同民族的思维方式体现了不同文化群体认识客观事物、表达精神寄托等方面的思维特点和思维趋势.贵州岜沙苗人“人树合一”的观念,以一种独特的思维方式向世人阐释了人与自然和谐发展的生态意识.     

加强天然药物化学理论教学培养创造性思维

天然药物化学是高等医学院校药学专业的一门必修课,在教学中结合天然药物化学的课程特点,通过介绍天然药物发展史、改变教学模式、介绍新成果等方式,加强天然药物化学的理论教学,培养学生的创造性思维。     

高中物理新课程标准的思考

根据国家教育部颁布的普通高中《物理课程标准》,结合多年的一线教学实践,从更新观念,探索实践的角度,探讨了如何教会学生自主学习、尝试探究性学习,如何培养正确的情感、态度和价值观,真正贯彻落实新课改精神,为培养当今社会需要的科学素养与人文素养兼备的人才打下基础。     

新概念作文教学——新课程改革背景下的写作教学策略

新概念作文是为摆脱应试写作的束缚而产生的,它提倡写作的新思维、新表达和真体验。新概念作文教学要以培养学生的写作认知、写作兴趣、阅读习惯和创新思维为策略,注重教学过程中的因材施教。提倡新概念作文能够促进语文教材的改革,推动写作教学的发展。