云南弥渡地区更新世成煤作用分析

对云南弥渡地区平安庄和彭家庄褐煤矿的煤质参数和成煤环境进行了综合分析,并对研究区内3个不同方向的更新世松毛坡组的综合柱状图进行了对比,同时结合平安庄盆地沉积环境特征,由此得出云南弥渡地区更新世褐煤沉积作用的4个地质作用阶段。     

准噶尔盆地及周缘二叠纪以来构造应力场解析

通过构造地质演化分析, 将准噶尔盆地及周缘二叠纪以来具有较强构造变形的构造应力场分为 3 期: 二叠纪末、侏罗纪末( 或延续到早白垩世末) 和新近纪以来。根据岩墙、节理、擦痕、褶皱与断层等应力感构造的测量分析, 得出准噶尔盆地及周缘三期构造应力场的最大主应力方向分别为北西西-北西向、近南北向, 北北东向。基于对新近纪以来准噶尔盆地构造应力场的二维有限元模拟, 进一步对整个盆地应力场的分布特征、盆地边界几何形态对应力场的影响等问题进行了讨论与分析。     

High-resolution carbon isotope record for the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum from the Nanyang Basin,Central China

The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) was a transient episode of global warming, associated with massive atmospheric greenhouse gas input that occurred at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. Biostratigraphic and isotope stratigraphic studies indicate that the PETM event is well documented in the marl deposits of the Yuhuangding section in the Nanyang Basin, Central China, with a carbon isotope negative excursion of ~6.1‰ within 19-m-thick marl deposits. This is the highest resolution record of the PETM so far found in the world. The PETM event was triggered within 2-cm-thick marl sediments, with a decrease of δ¹³C (stable carbon isotope ratio) from –3.2‰ to –5.2‰, suggesting a massive methane hydrate release for a transient period that was possibly caused by a catastrophic event. A comparison between marine and terrestrial records indicates a “Three-Phase Model” for the PETM event. Initially there is a rapid negative excursion in the δ¹³C record, followed by a slowly decreasing trend, and then a gradual positive recovery, corresponding respectively to a rapid dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate, followed by a slow release of methane and then the consumption of the released methane.     

平庄盆地的石油地质特征

为了解平庄盆地烃源岩的赋存特征,结合地质勘查资料,根据沉积学、地球化学理论,分析了该盆地的石油地质特征。结果表明,平庄盆地内发育有三套烃源岩,分别归属九佛堂组、沙海组、阜新组,前两者是构成盆地的主要烃源岩;烃源岩主要形成于半深湖一深湖,部分形成于浅湖、闭塞湖湾及湖沼,其类型以暗色泥岩、油页岩、泥质白云岩等为主;盆地生储盖组合以侧变式为主,油气的圈闭类型主要为断背斜。该结果为平庄盆地的基础地质研究及石油地质勘查提供了参考。     

鄂尔多斯盆地油气勘探开发的 实践与可持续发展

鄂尔多斯盆地是我国近10年来石油天然气产量增长最快的盆地,目前已经成为我国第二大油气生产盆地和第一大天然气产区。概述了鄂尔多斯盆地油气勘探开发的历史,总结了盆地发展形成的重要认识、主要技术、开发管理模式、油气产量和取得的经济社会效益,从发展规划、油气资源、非常规油气资源和其他资源方面探讨了盆地发展前景,并对盆地可持续发展提出了建议。     

鄱阳湖流域生态补偿机制构建的设想

流域生态补偿是一种具有经济激励特征的机制,是解决流域上中下游之间水资源开发利用不公和发展机会不均的重要方式。针对鄱阳湖生态经济区建设的战略目标需求,提出了鄱阳湖流域生态补偿机制构建的设想,以期为协调鄱阳湖生态经济区建设发展和流域生态资源的保护提供指导,最终实现鄱阳湖流域上中下游地区的互惠共赢。     

Geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons in natural gases from the Turpan-Hami Basin and identification of low-mature gas

Theoretical and practical knowledge regarding low-mature gasses is of significant importance to identifying potential natural gas resources. Light hydrocarbon parameters and C and H isotopes are useful tools to identify low-mature gas. Twenty gas samples were collected from the Turpan-Hami Basin for light hydrocarbon analyses. The results showed that the light hydrocarbon components of natural gases contain high methylcycloxane, high isoparaffin and low benzene. This implies that the gas-generating parent materials are of typical humus type and the paleoenvironment is a fresh water sedimentary environment. These features are consistent with the geological setting of the basin. Comparative studies of isoheptane, heptane, and the carbon isotopic compositions of methane in natural gases, and other maturity indices indicated that natural gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin are dominated by low-mature gas formed during the low evolution stage of Jurassic coal seams. The parent materials are of type III, and the maturation degree was in the low evolution stage. These are the fundamental characteristics of low-mature gas. Results of light hydrocarbon research provided further evidence to suggest that the Turpan-Hami Basin is a large-scale gas producer of low-mature gas in China. It is likely that this resource will play an important role in future exploration and development of low-mature gas in China.     

墨西哥湾盆地陆棚区油气田数量与储量规模的分形分析

在对墨西哥湾盆地陆棚区已探明油气田储量规模划分的基础上, 应用分形理论对油气田数量与储量规模之间的分形关系进行了研究, 讨论了油气田储量规模分布的分数维值D的含义。油气田储量规模分布的分数维值D反映了油气田的勘探开发程度, 勘探开发程度越高, 分数维值D越大; 勘探开发程度越低, 分数维值D越小。利用分形方法可以较好地分析油气田储量规模与数量之间的关系, 评判油气田勘探开发的程度, 预测未来发现油气田的数量及其储量规模。     

太原盆地QK1钻孔60ka.B.P以来气候环境演化的沉积记录

通过对太原盆地QK1钻孔60 ka.B.P.以来的沉积物进行粒度、磁化率分析,探讨了太原盆地60 ka.B.P.以来的气候环境演化过程。太原盆地60 ka.B.P.以来主要经历了以下演化阶段:59.6～40 ka.B.P.属滨湖相沉积;40～31.5 ka.B.P.属以河流相漫滩沉积;31.5～14.58 ka.B.P.属河流相边滩沉积;14.58～12.5 ka.B.P.河流相漫滩沉积;12.5～9 ka.B.P.河漫湖泊沉积;9 ka.B.P.至今属河流相边滩沉积。60 ka.B.P.以来太原盆地的气候由温暖偏湿转为温暖湿润,在末次冰期表现为寒冷干燥,进入全新世大暖期以后,气候具有全球性特征的同时也兼具区域性特点。各指标分析表明太原盆地的气候环境演化主要受全球性气候变化及区域气候的影响,由于盆地沉降中心与边缘沉积速率的差异,在一定程度上受到地区构造活动的影响。     

羌塘盆地隆鄂尼-昂达尔错地区中侏罗统布曲组碳酸盐岩储层特征研究

在隆鄂尼-昂达尔错地区新近发现了3个古油藏带,这使得古油藏带在原来的基础上向东延伸了30~40 km。综合地表和井下布曲组碳酸盐岩储层数据研究表明,古油藏带具有"东西分区,南北分带"的特点;储层岩石类型主要为灰黑色砂糖状白云岩,浅灰色、灰黑色泥晶灰岩、微晶灰岩、藻灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩、介壳(藻)灰岩;储集空间主要有晶间孔、晶间溶孔、溶蚀孔洞、构造裂缝、压溶缝和溶蚀缝;孔隙结构类型以中孔中喉或细孔中喉型为主;储层总体达到Ⅱ类储层标准;隆鄂尼区块储层潜力最大,其次是昂达尔错区块,最后是赛仁区块;新发现的赛仁区块具有三个区块中最好的物性,有进一步工作的潜力;白云岩储层物性优于灰岩,是羌塘盆地最有价值和潜力的目标储层。