基于随机概率密度演化的结构-TMD参数优化

基于地震载荷随机性的事实,以及传统的采用特定地震波研究结构控制条件具有严重缺陷的问题,本文提出以结构最大层间位移作为控制指标,基于概率密度演化理论,采用改进遗传算法对TMD参数进行优化的设计方法.该方法结合改进遗传算法以及概率密度演化方法,充分考虑了随机性对结构影响的本质,根据随机载荷下结构-TMD控制体系中结构层间位移响应和动力可靠度的前后对比,说明优化方法的优越性.以三层剪切型混凝土框架结构-TMD参数优化为例,验证所提方法的正确性,为随机激励下的多自由度结构-TMD系统优化设计提供了一条新的解决途径.     

科学态度量表(SAI II)中文修订版的信效度分析

采用Brislin翻译法对科学态度量表（SAI Ⅱ）进行中文修订,采用方便抽样的方法抽取549名大学生完成该量表,并使用因素分析法、项目分析等考察其信度和效度.549份问卷的验证性因素分析表明,科学态度量表的原因子结构未得到支持;对量表进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,共提取出3个因子,即修订后的问卷包括科学职业、理解和解释、批判思维共3个因子,各个题目在相应因子上的载荷在0.32~0.82之间,且3个维度均不具备良好的效度指标和信度指标.此外,总量表的内部一致性信度未达到0.8.分析结果表明,中文修订版SAI Ⅱ不具有良好的信度和效度,不适合用于评价中国大学生的科学态度.     

某车型水箱下横梁开裂分析研究

针对某车型可靠性试验时发生车身水箱下横梁异常开裂问题,通过多体动力学分析获得车身悬置点载荷并进行有限元分析,对车身水箱下横梁开裂问题进行分析和验证.结果表明水箱下横梁异常开裂是由于下横梁台阶处有应力集中现象,台阶开裂位置的最大应力值为294.2 MPa,选用材料为HC340LAD+Z,屈服的极限为340 MPa,但因高周疲劳（循环次数较多）依然产生破坏,找到开裂原因,并提出结构优化方案,通过道路试验验证,优化后的结构能够满足设计要求.     

The hidden disintegration of cluster heterogeneity in Fe-based glass-forming alloy melt

The evolution of liquid metal at high temperature is known much less than their solid states. This is partially due to that the message concerning clusters, metastable phase or heterogeneity in liquid is usually too slight to be traced. Here, we shed some light on the nature of structural evolution of Fe-based glass-forming alloy during overheating process by the investigation of high-temperature melt viscometry and first principles simulations. It was found that a structural transition around 1400 ℃ occurred in the melts of initial homogeneous ingot, heterogeneous ingot and amorphous ribbons jointly, and was confirmed by the results from differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), and ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD). Combining these results with Fe-Si-B ternary phase diagram and the melting characteristics of Fe-B compounds, it is safe to conclude that the disintegration of Fe_2B type clusters to Fe_3B-type clusters leads to the observed transition. These results offer a significant reference for the preparation and property control of Fe-based amorphous alloys.     

全天候海冰气象监测系统可靠性研究

目的】为了减少海冰对平台生产所造成的影响,JZ9-3海域首次引用了全天候海冰气象监测系统。为了确保系统的正常运行,需要对系统进行可靠性评估。【方法】采用动态模糊故障树法,对全天候海冰气象监测系统的可靠性进行评估,同时提出初步的预防措施。【结果】通过应用动态模糊故障树对系统可靠性进行评估,获取了系统的薄弱环节,并提出了有效措施对薄弱环节加以控制。【结论】通过研究,有效地提高了系统的可靠性,这也是动态模糊故障树在国内的首次应用,为未来动态模糊故障树的广泛应用奠定基础。     

基于Copula函数的系统可靠性冗余优化

针对系统可靠性冗余优化设计中冗余部件间可靠性的相关性经常被忽略而导致优化结果与工程实际有差距的问题，利用Copula连接函数中的Gumbel Copula函数来描述这些相关性，并根据相关性对冗余优化模型进行了改进. 针对模型的求解方法，选用GAG1启发式算法，并根据Gumbel Copula函数对其中的敏感因子进行了修正. 算例结果表明了改进方法的全面性、可行性.     

基于云理论的斜拉索可靠性评价方法

为准确评估易损难修的斜拉索的可靠性，保证行车安全舒适，提出一种基于云理论的斜拉索可靠性评估方法.首先根据拉索力学特点和常见病害，以斜拉索的运营状态应力极值、恒载索力变幅、应力幅、基频、服役时间、PE护套开裂程度及阻尼系统完好程度为指标，建立了斜拉索可靠性评估指标体系.咨询专家意见建立权重云模型，并根据泛概念树的概念扩充原理实现权重的群决策.最后将指标对各等级的平均确定度与权重云模型加权汇总，得到可靠等级确定度的云模型并以此确定最终评级.规范评估结果与拉索实际病害情况对比验证了所提方法结果的合理性和可操作性.     

Template/surfactant free and UV light irradiation assisted fabrication of Mn-Co oxides composite nanorings: Structure and synthesis mechanism

A facile, green, cost effective, and template or surfactant free strategy via a two-step route i.e. UV irradiation followed by dissolution-growth for the controlled synthesis of Mn-Co composite nanorings at room temperature was proposed. The nanorings structures and the process were systematically studied via TEM, HRTEM, EDX and XRD. Bir-MnO_2 nanosheets first formed through the direct photolysis of KMnO_4 under UV light irradiation. This was followed by a dissolution-growth process via the dissolution of Bir-MnO_2 nanosheets by the generated H~+ from the redox reaction between the added Co(NO_3)_2 and residual KMnO_4, as well as the accompanied formation of CoOOH, and Mn-Co composite nanorings. It was found that a balance between the dissolution and growth rate was needed. Suitable pH, KMnO_4 presence and the starting nanosheets like Bir-MnO_2 were the key factors for the formation of nanorings. The obtained Mn-Co nanorings/TiO_2 showed enhanced efficiency for the catalytic oxidation of HCHO. Based on the above understandings, it is believed that the developed dissolution-growth method can be adopted for the designing and preparation of other Mn-Co composite nanostructures which can be further applied for environmental pollution remediation.     

井下车用零件多裂纹扩展的时变可靠性分析

针对工程中井下车用零件的多裂纹损伤问题，通过扭转疲劳试验模拟了车用零件中传动轴的疲劳损伤，并应用长焦显微镜与照相机相结合的测量法对零件一定疲劳循环次数后的表面裂纹进行了测量统计，同时以Paris模型及剩余强度估算模型对统计数据进行处理，得到了剩余强度.再应用所建立的时变可靠性数学模型，求取了零件时变强度的漂移率及波动率，并最终得出了该零件在一定疲劳循环后的可靠度.该方法从实际应用上解决了时变理论对零部件时变强度的动态检测问题，将时变理论向工程化应用推进一步，具有良好的应用前景.     

内燃机配气机构传动链脱节概率

以某型发动机配气机构传动链为研究对象,应用随机摄动和概率可靠性等分析方法,建立了配气机构脱节概率可靠性数学模型.当配气机构基本随机变量为正态分布时,提出了传动链脱节的可靠性分析方法.通过算例分析获得了凸轮在不同运动阶段的传动链脱节概率,以及在不同转速下的脱节失效概率,并且随着转速升高传动链发生脱节的概率也会升高,与实际情况相符合,进一步表明了所提方法的正确性.此外,通过分析脱节的原因,提出了为降低脱节概率而应采取的方法,为今后内燃机配气机构传动链的可靠性设计提供了理论依据.