Effect of high anodic polarization on the passive layer properties of superduplex stainless steel friction stir welds at different chloride electrolyte pH values and temperatures

The conditions used for friction stir welding of duplex stainless steels determine the resulting mechanical and corrosion performance of the material.This study investigates the corrosion resistance of UNS S32750 and S32760 superduplex stainless steels(SDSSs)joined by friction stir welding,employing cyclic polarization,Mott–Schottky,and microscopy techniques for analysis.The microscopy images indicated the presence of a deleterious intermetallic phase after electrolytic etching of S32760,as well as decreased corrosion resistance.The presence of molybdenum in the steels promoted better passive behavior at low pH.The Mott–Schottky curves revealed p-n heterojunction behavior of the passive oxide.Images acquired after the polarization test by scanning electron microscopy showed higher passivation propensity with increases of temperature and pH.     

超重力法制备的LDH涂层对镁合金耐蚀性的提升作用

采用超重力法在旋转填充床（RPB）中制备富马酸根与柠檬酸根复配插层的层状双氢氧化物（LDH）浆液,然后进行水热处理,在AZ31镁合金表面生长出富马酸根与柠檬酸根插层的LDH涂层。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）对LDH粉末进行表征,利用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对AZ31镁合金表面的LDH涂层进行表征,结果证明成功制备出富马酸根与柠檬酸根插层的LDH涂层。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）观察LDH涂层的外观形貌,通过电化学试验测试了生长LDH涂层的AZ31镁合金的耐腐蚀性能,结果表明,采用超重力法制备的含有富马酸根与柠檬酸根插层的LDH涂层表面生成完整、致密的覆盖层,几乎看不到簇立状的LDH片。与共沉淀法相比,使用超重力法制备的LDH涂层,其动电位极化曲线拟合出的腐蚀电位更大,腐蚀电流密度更小。在3.5% NaCl溶液中浸泡96 h后,采用超重力法制备的含有富马酸根与柠檬酸根插层的LDH涂层的阻抗值R_ct为56.69kΩ·cm²,大于仅浸泡1 h的采用共沉淀法制备的不含富马酸根与柠檬酸根插层的LDH涂层（R_ct为49.45kΩ·cm²）,表明超重力法制备的LDH涂层表现出更好的耐腐蚀性。     

先进高强钢DP590焊缝的组织特征和力学性能改善

The effects of the welding current mode in resistance spot welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel dual-phase 590 (DP590) sheets were investigated. Results showed that a rough martensitic structure was formed in the weld zone of the sample welded via the single-pulsed mode, whereas the microstructure in the heat-affected zone consisted of a very rough martensitic microstructure and rough ferrite. However, using the secondary pulse mode led to the formation of tempered martensite in the weld zone. The maximum load and the energy absorption to failure of the samples with the secondary pulsed cycle were higher than those of the samples with the single-pulsed mode. Tensile shear results indicated that the secondary pulsed mode could significantly change the mode of failure upon shear tension testing. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that the use of secondary pulsed mode can improve the microstructural feature and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel DP590 welds.     

纤维素纳米晶对胶凝复合材料耐酸性能的影响

Acid mine drainage presents an important threat to cementitious structures. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on the acid resistance of cementitious composites. CNCs were added to mortar mixtures as additives at cement volume ratios of 0.2vol%, 0.4vol%, 1.0vol%, and 1.5vol%. After 28 d of standard curing, the samples were immersed in a sulfuric acid with a pH value of 2 for 75 d. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, the density, water absorption, void volume test, and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out to investigate the properties of CNC mixtures before sulfuric acid immersion. It was found that the addition of CNC reduced the volume of permeable voids and increased the hydration degree and mechanical strength of the samples. Changes in mass and length were monitored during immersion to evaluate the acid resistance of mixtures. The mixture with 0.4vol% CNC showed a reduced mass change and length change indicating its improved acid resistance.     

有无车轮对低风阻车型气动特性的影响

针对有无车轮低风阻电动汽车模型进行数值计算,并通过对两种模型是气动力、表面压力、速度场等计算结果对比,评估了有无车轮对低风阻车型气动特性的影响。研究表明：车轮的存在使得整车气动阻力增大63.8%,其中各部件的贡献从大到小依次为前轮室、车身前部、背部、车底（负贡献）、后轮室;而升力增大一倍多,主要来源于车底的贡献;流场结果显示车轮对车身的气动作用体现在车轮带来的全局阻塞和局部尾迹两种效应的综合影响;后轮及后轮导流罩产生的尾迹会导致低阻车尾部涡环强度增强,回流区长度减小,背压降低。综合气动阻力、升力、压力分布和流场对比分析,明确了车轮的存在会给低风阻车型带来较大的气动特性变化。     

钢桥面板U肋底部非对称弧形缺口的应力特征

针对钢桥面板检测中U肋底部弧形缺口关于顶板U肋不对称现象,建立对称缺口与2种非对称缺口的有限元模型。首先确定了横隔板-U肋相交部位3个构造细节的应力最不利荷载位置,在此基础上研究了各细节的应力特征,分析了非对称弧形缺口各个构造细节的应力分布和应力组成的影响。结果表明：非对称缺口对各细节应力最不利荷载位置影响较小;非对称缺口影响下缺口偏小侧各细节应力均出现较大增幅;缺口偏小侧弧形缺口周边应力集中现象加剧,应力集中区域扩大并转移至横隔板焊缝端部;非对称缺口增大了横隔板-U肋连接刚度,导致横隔板面外应力占比下降,但部分工况下U肋腹板焊趾处面外作用增大。     

中国共产党百年抗灾回顾：基于制度优势的分析

 中国共产党成立100年来,带领中国人民与频发的自然灾害进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争,并取得了显著的抗灾减灾成效。从中国共产党百年来对灾害成因认知变化的历程出发,梳理了百年来中国抗灾体制的变迁史,并在此基础上提炼总结出了中国共产党百年来在抗灾救灾中所拥有的独特制度优势,即对口援建模式、军民协同模式、以人为本,生命至上理念以及广泛的国际协作实践。在中国共产党的重视及引领下,中国正在经历从救灾到应急管理,再到风险管理的理念变迁,未来将更多地体现出科技应灾及多元治灾的重要性,中国特色社会主义制度将成为未来应急管理及风险治理取得显著效能的不竭源泉。     

爆炸载荷作用下玻璃钢/硬质聚氨酯泡沫夹层结构抗冲击性能实验研究

为分析玻璃钢/硬质聚氨酯泡沫组成的单夹层方板、双夹层方板以及单夹层方板单面喷涂聚脲结构在爆炸载荷作用下的动力响应及抗爆性能,进行了等面密度的3种结构靶板的爆炸冲击波毁伤效应试验,获得了3种结构靶板在爆炸载荷作用下的破坏模式,并比较了3种结构的抗冲击性能.研究发现,靶板的面板破坏模式以固支边界断裂裂纹、四角弯折裂纹和应力集中处剪切裂纹为主,芯层形成了明显的压溃区、裂纹聚集区、脱粘破坏和拉伸裂纹破坏.等面密度设计的双夹层方板和迎爆面喷涂聚脲的单夹层方板破坏程度和残余变形比单夹层结构更大;背爆面喷涂聚脲的单夹层方板破坏程度比单夹层结构更大,但背爆面板残余变形明显减小.      

酸浆豆腐中产酸菌的耐高温紫外诱变

乳酸菌在食品及食品发酵行业具有广泛的应用,其中以乳酸菌发酵酸浆作为凝固剂的酸浆豆腐已逐渐成为人们关注的热点。酸浆豆腐发酵过程中以乳酸菌为优势菌,在酸浆豆腐点浆时,需在75℃以上高温下进行。普通乳酸菌无法耐受此温度且大量失活,影响产品的后熟。为了开发耐高温乳酸菌,以课题组从云南建水豆腐酸浆中分离的菌株为出发菌,通过紫外诱变的方式,温度梯度筛选获得4株耐高温产酸性能好的菌株。诱变获得4株菌均可在75℃耐高温30 min并保持较好的活性和产酸效果。研究所得突变菌株相比原始菌株均具有更好的耐热性和产酸性。其中HCUL 1.1801-1912Z活性最强、产酸能力最好,为4株菌中最优菌株,将该菌株用于发酵生产酸浆豆腐,将显著提高乳酸菌在豆腐中的活性和豆腐的品质。     

坛紫菜新品系WO144-3的主要经济性状分析

］对杂交选育的坛紫菜新品系(WO144-3)的生长性状、耐高温性能、叶绿素含量、藻胆蛋白含量等指标进行了测定,并与一个野生型品系(WT)进行了对比分析。结果表明:1)经过20 d培养,WO144-3品系叶状体长度从4 cm增加到138 cm,平均日增长率为17.59%,是WT品系的1.92倍;叶状体厚度为(17.41±0.33)μm,约为WT品系的70%。培养开始时,WO144-3品系长宽比约为WT品系的2倍,20 d后增加到5倍。但WO144-3品系的平均日增重率与WT品系没有显著差异。2)在30 ℃高水温培养10 d后,WO144-3品系叶状体的长度是WT品系的1.70倍;此外,高温处理对WO144-3品系的Fv/Fm没有显著影响,而WT品系的显著降低了59%。3)WO144-3品系的藻胆蛋白、藻红蛋白和藻蓝蛋白的含量分别为WT品系的2.05、2.74和1.42倍,但在叶绿素a和别藻蓝蛋白的含量上两品系没有显著差异。由此可得出:WO144-3是一个窄/薄叶品系,具有生长速度快、耐受高温胁迫、藻胆蛋白含量高等优点,具备应用于生产的潜力。