斜纹夜蛾(Prodenia litura)NPV多角体蛋白的微量免疫测定的研究

用差速离心和庶糖梯度超速离心方法,分离提纯斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒,碱解后经超速离心提取多角体蛋白,用以免疫家兔,采用对流免疫电泳和ELISA方法检测定量多角体中的多角体蛋白,结果表明:用对流免疫电泳方法检测的最低灵敏度是0.025mg多角体/ml,而用ELISA方法则可以测出10ng多角体/ml,其光吸收值(OD_(490))与多角体的浓度(mg/ml)的负对数值之间呈明显直线关系。回归方程为y=1.5335-0.2342x。     

Effects of dietary nickel on detoxification enzyme activities in the midgut of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera litura</Emphasis> Fabricius larvae

Nickel accumulated in midugt of Spodoptera litura Fabricius could induce the expression of metallothionein, one of the most important detoxification proteins in organisms. In the present study, the effects of dietary nickel on the activities of detoxification enzymes, such as carboxylesterase （CarE） and giutathione S-transferase （GST） in the midgut of S. litura larvae have been studied to get an understanding of the detoxification mechanisms of S. litura larvae to excessive nickel. Results showed that CarE activities in the midgut of the 5th instar larvae decreased at lower levels of nickel （≤5 mg/kg）, while increased with increasing nickel doses at higher levels of nickel （≥10 mg/kg） exposure in successive 3 generations. CarE activities of the 6th instar larvae were also characterized as inhibited at low levels of nickel exposure, and improved at higher levels in the 1st generation. CarE activities of 6th instar larvae in the 2nd and 3rd generations were all lower than that in control. However, GST activities in the midgut of the 5th and 6th instar larvae all increased with increasing nickel doses （1 --20 mg/kg） in diets.     

红秋葵上斜纹夜蛾的发生规律及控制技术研究

研究了红秋葵上斜纹夜蛾的发生规律及控制技术。结果表明,斜纹夜蛾是红秋葵上发生的主要害虫,其自然种群数量随季节变动,在7—8月达为害的高峰,温度升高明显有利于其种群数量的增长．种群数量变动与温度呈密切正相关,其回归关系式为：Y。=17．4924＋0．2031X．-0．0005942X;;浓度为1gDW／l（10mL的柑橘、艾蒿提取物喷施后．药后3d的校正防效分别为83．69％、82．22％,其次是曼陀罗、蓖麻和蛇床子提取物喷施后,药后3d的校正防效分别为78．81％、72．96％和71．04％。     

Effects of herbivore-induced rice volatiles on the host selection behavior of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

It has been suggested that herbivore would react to volatiles produced by herbivore infested plant due to potential change, either positive or negative, in the acceptability of the host plant. This hypothesis was tested for the brown planthopper (BPH) in the laboratory. Sixteen components of the headspace volatiles from rice seedlings with different treatments were collected with SPME and Tenax-TA trap and analyzed with GC and GC-MS. Significant differences in volatile emissions were observed for rice plants with different treatments. Undamaged control plants, mechanically damaged plants and the plants infested by BPH for 1 or 2 d emitted much lower amounts of volatiles compared to the plants infested by BPH for 3 or 5 d. The plants infested by BPH for 3 or 5 d emitted several volatiles that were not detected in undamaged control plants, mechanically damaged plants or the plants infested by BPH for 1 or 2 d. Spodoptera litura infested plants released much higher amounts of volatiles than those in all other treatments, and the contents of several green leaf volatiles, methyl salicylate and terpenoids increased dramatically. In dual-choice flight tunnel experiments, adult BPH females showed no significant preference between the untreated healthy plants and mechanically damaged plants or the plants infested by BPH adult females. However, rice plants damaged by S. litura had a clearly repellent effects on BPH adult females compared to healthy undamaged plants, mechanically damaged plants or the plants infested by BPH.     

Effects of herbivore-induced rice volatiles on the host selection behavior of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

It has been suggested that herbivore would react to volatiles produced by herbivore infested plant due to potential change, either positive or negative, in the acceptability of the host plant. This hypothesis was tested for the brown planthopper (BPH) in the laboratory. Sixteen components of the headspace volatiles from rice seedlings with different treatments were collected with SPME and Tenax-TA trap and analyzed with GC and GC-MS. Significant differences in volatile emissions were observed for rice plants with different treatments. Undamaged control plants, mechanically damaged plants and the plants infested by BPH for 1 or 2 d emitted much lower amounts of volatiles compared to the plants infested by BPH for 3 or 5 d. The plants infested by BPH for 3 or 5 d emitted several volatiles that were not detected in undamaged control plants, mechanically damaged plants or the plants infested by BPH for 1 or 2 d. Spodoptera litura infested plants released much higher amounts of volatiles than those in all other treatments, and the contents of several green leaf volatiles, methyl salicylate and terpenoids increased dramatically. In dual-choice flight tunnel experiments, adult BPH females showed no significant preference between the untreated healthy plants and mechanically damaged plants or the plants infested by BPH adult females. However, rice plants damaged by S. litura had a clearly repellent effects on BPH adult females compared to healthy undamaged plants, mechanically damaged plants or the plants infested by BPH.     

斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白和病毒粒子的血清学研究

斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白的抗血清与其同源抗原,在双向免疫扩散和免疫电泳中产生一条沉淀线和一条沉淀弧,病毒粒子的抗血清与其同源抗原,在双向免疫扩散和免疫电泳中形成两条沉淀线和三条沉淀弧。异源系统之间无交叉反应。凝胶内吸收试验表明多角体蛋白与病毒粒子之间不存在共同抗原,两种组分无血清学关系。     

In vitro metabolism of the trichothecene 4-monoacetoxyscirpenol by fungus- and non-fungus-feeding insects

Summary The metabolism of the trichothecene 4-monoacetoxyscirpenol by intact gut tissue was determined in the fungus-feeding Nitidulid,Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) and the non-fungus-feeding caterpillars, the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and the corn earworm,Heliothis zea (Boddie). The primary metabolite was the hydrolysis product scirpentriol. The amount of metabolism by theC. hemipterus larvae was ca 10 times that of the caterpillars on a per mg protein basis, suggesting metabolic adaptation for feeding on fungi that may contain mycotoxins.Acknowledgment. The authors wish to thank S. Taylor for technical assistance.The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned.     

斜纹夜蛾人工与天然饲料主要质量指标的比较研究

本文报道用人工饲料饲养斜纹夜蛾，以主要质量指标与天然饲料比较，结果表明：人工饲料组抗病力强，蛹的重量大，成虫寿命长，存活率高，从而较好解决了大量繁殖斜纹夜蛾的饲养问题。