Towards a science of the individual: the Aristotelian search for scientific knowledge of individual entities

This article seeks to take a step towards recognizing that science can deal with the concrete and individual as well as the universal. I shall concentrate on some of Aristotle’s texts, as there is a long tradition going back to Aristotle, according to which science deals only with the universal, although his work also contains texts of a very different tenor. He tries to improve the process of definition as an attempt to bring science closer to the concrete, but ends up realizing that there are some unreachable limits. There is, however, a second Aristotelian approach to the problem in Metaphysica M 10, a passage which takes scientific rapprochement to the individual further by introducing a distinction between science in potential and science in act. The former is universal, but the latter deals with individual substances and processes. Aristotle himself acknowledges here that in one sense science is universal and in another it is not, a position that raises important ontological and epistemological problems. Some suggestions are also offered concerning the kind of truth applicable to science in act, that is, practical truth.     

冰上运动员科学选材形态类和机能类指标的构成与意义

科学选材质量的高低取决于测试指标的选择和评价标准。采用综合研究方法，对422名冰上运动项目的儿童少年运动员进行实际测试，最后对397个有效样本统计筛选和严格科学程序处理，制订了选材标准共六大类17项指标。在此基础上对冰上运动员科学选材形态类和机能类指标进行较为系统的研究，以便更好地建立最佳的上优秀运动员选材模式。     

Science, truth and history, Part I. Historiography, relativism and the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge

Recently, many historians of science have chosen to present their historical narratives from the ‘actors’-eye view’. Scientific knowledge not available within the actors’ culture is not permitted to do explanatory work. Proponents of the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge (SSK) purport to ground this historiography on epistemological relativism. I argue that they are making an unnecessary mistake: unnecessary because the historiographical genre in question can be defended on aesthetic and didactic grounds; and a mistake because the argument from relativism is in any case incoherent.The argument of the present article is self-contained, but steers clear of metaphysical debates in the philosophy of science. To allay fears of hidden assumptions, the sequel, to be published in the following issue, will consider SSK’s prospects of succour from scientific realism, instrumentalism, and a metaphysical system of Bruno Latour’s own devising.     

江西省科普资源的整合与创新研究

作为经济欠发达、科技实力有待增强、科普现状不容乐观的我省,要增强科普实效,完成国务院《全民科学素质行动计划纲要（2006-2010-2020）》提出的目标任务,就应顺应科普形式创新的要求,从整合全社会科普资源入手,调动和组织各个方面的社会科普力量,推动群众性、社会性、经常性科普活动的开展,不断放大科普工作的效应,提高全民素质,推动经济社会又好又快发展。     

On indexing in the Web of Science and predicting journal impact factor

We discuss what document types account for the calculation of the journal impact factor （JIF） as published in the Journal Citation Reports （JCR）. Based on a brief review of articles discussing how to predict JIFs and taking data differences between the Web of Science （WoS） and the JCR into account, we make our own predictions. Using data by cited-reference searching for Thomson Scientific＇s WoS, we predict 2007 impact factors （1Fs） for several journals, such as Nature, Science, Learned Publishing and some Library and Information Sciences journals. Based on our colleagues＇ experiences we expect our predictions to be lower bounds for the official journal impact factors. We explain why it is useful to derive one＇s own journal impact factor.     

国际化科技园区平台管理对策研究:一个“中关村”新解

在全球化的时代,中国科技园区的创新活动面临着国际竞争加剧的重大考验,同时也不乏机遇。中国政府提出2020年建成创新型国家的宏伟目标,要求科技园区采取开放式创新模式,通过国际化带动市场化、法制化,高效整合国内外创新资源,增强自主创新能力。中关村科技园区提出了建设全球创新中心的新目标。传统的职能式管理已不能适应时代要求,基于系统理论提出平台管理对策,并且从科学和谐发展的要求出发,论述了缩小城乡差别、解决三农问题的科技园区"中关村"新解。     

钱学森系统科学思想在人机环境系统工程中的应用

本文主要讨论了钱学森的现代科学技术体系以及他的总体框架、钱学森的系统科学思想以及他提出的从定性到定量的综合集成方法。文中以王保国教授率领的AMME Lab团队为例,扼要回顾了在钱学森系统科学思想指导下,6个研究团队紧密配合,在人机环境系统工程领域近10多年所取得的重要研究成果。文中给出了人机环境系统工程实验室平台搭建时通常应该具备的软件分析系统与主要设备,而且还特别建议要关注眼动追踪系统、眼动测量系统和事件相关脑电位(ERP)技术,要关注人的情境认知的定性分析模型和定量评价模型的建立,要注意把认知神经科学用到对人的数学建模的研究上。文中十分强调:人机环境系统仅仅是系统科学研究中的一种系统,一种含有人这个要素的特殊新系统,因此在进行人机环境系统领域中的一些复杂系统、复杂巨系统以及特殊复杂巨系统的研究与实践时,离不开钱学森提出的综合集成方法。     

科技馆与创新人才培养浅议

科技馆应充分发挥自身优势,与学校教育相衔接,为创新人才的培养做出应有的贡献.为了更好地满足创新型人才的培养,科技馆应该：展品设计,应尽可能体现探究式的学习理念;科技馆应增加关于创新方法和创新精神的展示;科技馆应开设科学开放性实验室等创新实践场所;开展定期的创新教育活动.科技馆通过这些“套餐”式科普教育活动,才可以更好地服务于创新人才的培养.广东科学中心通过开展针对青少年创新性能力培养的“展翅计划”等活动,争取成为创新人才培养的重要基地.     

面向非生物专业本科生的“生命科学导论”教学改革初步探索

就面向非生物专业本科生的“生命科学导论”课程建设进行了初步探讨,通过分析面向非生物专业本科生的“生命科学导论”课程开设现状、存在问题,提出了针对该课程建设的具体措施,为完善“生命科学导论”课程体系提供了参考和借鉴。     

论“菠萝科学奖”对科技馆科普功能的启示

随着中国社会不断地发展,科技馆的科普教育作用的重要性日益明显,科普手段不论在内容上,还是形式上都有了一定程度的发展和创新。但是,"科学"这个词在老百姓的眼中依然是晦涩、艰深、高端、有距离感。如何才能进一步拉近科学与老百姓之间的距离,架起科学与老百姓之间的桥梁,让"生活处处有科学"不仅仅是一句口号,正是广大科普工作者需要思考的问题。而"菠萝科学奖"或许能给我们的科普工作提供一些新的思路。