地理学的危机与前景

主要从三个方面论述地理学的危机与前景,１）地理学具有其独特的研究对象——地球表面事物的空间关系与空间过程;２）地理学是一个庞大的学科家族,我国高校应当创设地理科学院;３）地理学具有很强的实践性,地理学教育与理论建设都应和实践紧密结合．全文的中心目的在于阐明：地理学是一门具有广阔发展前景的科学     

Does democracy require value-neutral science? Analyzing the legitimacy of scientific information in the political sphere

Philosophers now commonly reject the value free ideal for science by arguing that non-epistemic values, including personal or social values, are permissible within the core of scientific research. However, little attention has been paid to the normative political consequences of this position. This paper explores these consequences and shows how political theory is fruitful for proceeding in a world without value-neutral science. I draw attention to an oft-overlooked argument employed by proponents of the value free ideal I dub the “political legitimacy argument.” This argument claims that the value-free ideal follows directly from the foundational principles of liberal democracy. If so, then the use of value-laden scientific information within democratic decision making would be illegitimate on purely political grounds. Despite highlighting this unaddressed and important argument, I show how it can be rejected. By appealing to deliberative democratic theory, I demonstrate scientific information can be value-laden and politically legitimate. The deliberative democratic account I develop is well suited for capturing the intuitions of many opponents of the value free ideal and points to a new set of questions for those interested in values in science.     

基于模糊相似度的科技文献软聚类算法

本文提出了一种新的文档软聚类算法。将关键字通过文档的题名、摘要进行映射扩展,并对关键字的出现位置进行加权构造文本向量空间。利用模糊最大支撑树聚类过程中类间和类内相似度变化的规律自动识别最佳聚类数K及硬聚类簇。以硬聚类簇为核心将聚类相似度减小到下相似度进行扩展,从而形成相应软聚类。实验表明该算法能够有效地降低特征维数、提高软聚类精度和速度。     

校园科技创新专题网站的设计与开发

我们构建了校园科技创新的意识、精神、思维、选题与方法等教育资源,应用ASP(Active Server Page,动态服务器主页)技术和数据库技术,设计与开发了科技创新活动的服务支撑平台和网络环境。     

Carl du Prel (1839–1899): explorer of dreams, the soul, and the cosmos

Nineteenth-century spiritism was a blend of religious elements, the philosophy of mind, science and popular science and contacts with extraterrestrials were a commonplace phenomenon during spiritistic séances. Using the example of Carl du Prel (1839–1899) I show how his comprehensive mystic philosophy originated in a theory of extraterrestrial life. Carl du Prel used a Darwinian and monistic framework, theories of the unconscious and a Neo-Kantian epistemology to formulate a philosophy of astronomy and extraterrestrial life. He claimed that the mechanism of Darwinian selection is responsible for the distribution of stars and the orbits of the planets. In his speculations on the nature of extraterrestrial life he used the concept of organ projection to argue that technical solutions on earth will be realized organically on other planets and claimed that superior extraterrestrials have quantitatively and qualitatively different senses and thus different forms of intuition. A comparison with Camille Flammarion, spiritist and populariser of astronomy, demonstrates the contextual complexities of spiritism. In contrast to du Prel’s sober Neo-Kantian philosophical speculations, Flammarion was a late proponent of a French esoteric tradition that was rooted in romantic socialism, painted grand cosmological vistas and emphasized reincarnation. I put forward the hypothesis that current discourses on extraterrestrial life are affected by the spiritist tradition mainly through the ‘Golden Age’ science fiction literature of the 1940s and 50s and its successors. However, neither Carl du Prel nor Camille Flammarion contributed significantly to this tradition, which is mainly shaped by the psychical research of J. B. Rhine.     

英美科学史研究的新趋向——三份国际科学史权威综合期刊1993-2005年内容计量分析

英关科学史研究最活跃，也最发达，具有代表性，通过对ISIS、History of Science和The Britsh Journal for the History of Science这3份公认的国际科学史权威综合期刊1993--2005年的内容进行计量分析和比较研究，揭示出近十几年来英美科学史研究的热点与发展趋向为：物理科学和医学是研究的热点；人物与专题史是研究的重要领域；19和20世纪成为科学史集中研究的时期，综合趋势更加明显；内史仍是科学史的主流，外史在不断增加。最后分析了产生这些变化的深层原因。     

中国R&D投入与高新技术产品出口的相关性分析

近年来我国R&D投入不断增加,通过实施科技兴贸战略,加大了科研投入强度,高新技术产品出口增长尤其迅猛。通过对我国R&D投入和高新技术产品出口额进行相关分析,总结我国实施科技兴贸战略的经验教训,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

“科玄论战”对中国现代哲学的意义

“科玄论战”是新文化运动最后的一场文化思想论战,它发生的时空特殊,所论及的哲学主题对中国现代哲学影响深远,它促成了中国现代哲学新格局的形成,对马克思主义哲学中国化都起到了促进作用。     

仿脑智能系统

从脑科学的基本问题和研究成果出发,指出脑科学对脑的高级功能的研究远未取得突破,研究脑的高级功能是脑科学和智能科学的共同任务,因此智能科学应将创造仿脑智能系统作为基本研究任务.提出了多类型神经网络综合集成、结构模拟与功能模拟优势互补、模拟人脑高级神经中枢简化体系结构的仿脑技术路线,并对"多中枢自协调仿脑系统"的研究内容和难点进行了分析.     

2001-2005年中国大陆科研机构在Nature和Science上发表的学术论文统计分析

科研成果的表现形式之一就是在Nature和Science等具有国际影响力的期刊上发表学术论文。2001—2005年中国大陆科研机构以第一著作单位身份在Nature和Science上共发表107篇论文,其中包括11篇Article论文和2篇Review论文,有28篇论文完全由国内科研机构完成。与1996—2000年期间相比,中国大陆科研机构在Nature和Science上发表的论文数有了大幅增长。