论高校科技成果的推广应用

本文论述了科技成果这种技术商品的价值、使用价值及交换价值,并探讨了科技成果转化为社会生产力的各种可能途径。提出了高校科技成果推广应用的正确方式。     

社会需求与中国消防技术的发展

消防技术与社会之间是相互影响的关系,而“技术决定论”的理念只强调单方向作用,在“消防技术的社会形成”(SST)的视野中,重新审视中国消防技术的现状及未来,是更多地关注与技术决定论相反的研究进路。消防技术的社会需求是技术发展的纵向推动力,可以拉动消防技术的发展和进步。技术的形成和发展除具有自身逻辑发展的动力为还会受到社会因素的影响,因此技术的社会需求只说明有这种发展的可能,真正实现某一技术是一个很复杂的问题。但是通过政治、经济和文化三个层面分析社会需求对消防技术的发展起到的作用,在谋求自身逻辑发展与社会需求拉动结合推动中国消防技术时,仍然是很有启发性的。     

技术、信任与制度:我们会更安全吗?

安全是人在自然界和人类社会保持自我独立性、完整性和自主性的制度设计和技术实现,是人类个体自我保护的一种防御姿态.在实现自然安全后,安全主要依赖于人与人之间的双向信任,以及人与制度、技术之间的单向信任关系.从自然安全、熟人安全、制度安全到技术安全,技术在建构人类个体安全中所扮演的角色越来越重要.作为蕴含安全属性的人工物,...     

人与自然和谐相处的哲学分析

站在马克思主义哲学高度,以理论、历史、现实相结合的实事求是方法,从人与自然几个基本关系入手,认为人与自然的最根本关系是对立依存关系、最佳关系是和谐关系、最基础关系是实践关系,分析了科学实践是人与自然和谐相处的基础,提出了树立以人为本的科学发展观,促进人与自然和谐发展,为落实构建社会主义和谐社会而努力。     

Involved in Praxis and Analytical at a Distance

Lately, society has pressed for more direct societal relevance of social research. The argument of this special issue is that engaged research is an answer to the demand for a social science that matters. We define engaged research as a praxis where researchers actively engage in a social field in the pursuit of solving important local problems, while at the same time combining this with a scientific knowledge generation process. In other words, we discuss the conditions for research when researchers “go native” to solve problems and reflect along with participants. We have been able to find several sources of arguments supporting such a research strategy, but our search for methodological guidance on how to act as an engaged researcher has been in vain. What does it take for a researcher to do engaged research? The set of articles in this special issue all address certain aspects of this challenge. Some discuss the researcher’s path towards deep field engagement, whereas others discover various challenges and skills involved in engagement, and the task of developing scientific knowledge based on engaged research.     

Is it Safe to Talk About Systems Again Yet?

The following article makes a case for the social sciences to renew their interest in systems, drawing on ideas circulating in organisational and community psychology, industry, engineering, biology and ecology, the new physics, management, evaluation, religion and spirituality, policy-making, human services professions, and service-user and community movements. It charts a different kind of systemic thinking in striking contrast to traditional mechanistic social systems theory. Sociology’s current resiling from systems theory is explained as a legacy of its loyal service in the ‘battlefield’ of the post WW2 critique of authoritarian structural-functionalist positivist systems and the hard-won interpretive turn to issues of process, diversity, conflict, change and a critical and ‘qualitative’ epistemology. A new transdisciplinary mental architecture of self-organising processes for complex living systems is offered which integrates understandings of both ‘structural systems’ and the ‘processual systemic’ in individual psychology, organisational sociology, and in action research as its epistemology.

以系统思想为指导，进行全方位改革

社会是一个相互依赖、相互匹配的各社会组分构成的系统。社会系统内部各组分之间的协调和匹配是社会稳定和谐和发展的基础,它与生物学上的器官相关律非常类似。我国在建立社会主义市场经济体制的过程中,之所以出现了种种不正常社会现象,就是因为其他社会体制,尤其是政治体制的改革严重滞后,致使经济体制与其他社会体制之间产生了“错位”。因此,我国要想建立起完善的社会主义市场经济体制,就必须进行全方位改革。     

Arresting the Collapse of the City Through Systemic Education: A Case Study of Melbourne

Though it is claimed that Melbourne is one of the most liveable cities in the world, a systemic examination, based not on mechanistic and utilitarian foundations but on a humanist, systemic science reveals that a variety of modalities of its social fabric are threatened and will drive the city to eventual collapse. As usual, the worst impacted are the most defenceless: the poor, the elderly and especially the young. We propose that an education that emphasises vision and ethics and that integrates the humanities with the natural sciences in a systemic approach should be the prime instrument of intervention. We describe a new Master of Arts degree designed on these principles to re-orientate young professionals towards the community and away from big business and commerce.

社会利益及其系统结构

社会利益是人与人的社会关系的一种表达形式。利益有物质性、有限性、价值性、主体性等外部特征。社会利益系统包含利益主体、利益客体和利益机制三大要素。誓会利益从其发端到它的完整实现,经历形成、分配、协调三大机制过程;其中的每个过程又包含诸多要素和诸多环节。构建和谐社会,从人们的利益关系角度,就是要建立合理、完善的利益系统机制,促使实现社会利益的最大化。     

“天人合一”思想对中国古代科技的消极影响

哲学是人类的最高层次的文化,同时它也是一种思维方式,它指导着人们的思想及一切活动。“天人合一”作为中国传统哲学思想的主导思想,对中国古代科技的发展有过积极的影响,但本文主要论述其对中国古代科技的消极影响。