气流阻力负荷对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者流速容量曲线的影响

探讨加用气流阻力负荷（ＦＲＬ） 状态下流速容量（ＦＶ） 曲线检查对初检ＯＳＡ 患者的意义对象为２４ 名健康成年男性及２１ 例男性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（ＯＳＡ） 患者经整夜多导睡眠仪检查诊断或排除ＯＳＡ模拟实验结果发现只有同时加上可陷闭管及ＦＲＬ 时,才出现显著吸气气流受限无ＦＲＬ时,ＦＶ 曲线（ 以ＦＥＦ５０／ＦＩＦ５０ 比值大于１ 为指标） 检查发现ＯＳＡ的敏感性和特异性分别为３３ ．３ ％ 和９１ ．６ ％ ,阳性预测率为６３ ．６ ％ 加用ＦＲＬ 时敏感性为７６ ．２ ％ ,特异性为７５ ％ ,阳性预测率为７２ ．２ ％ 吸、呼气相峰值流速比值及中期峰值流速比值与ＯＳＡ 严重呈显著相关联合应用加ＦＲＬ及常规ＦＬ曲线检查可能对ＯＳＡ 患者初筛有较高价值     

Neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of sleep

Sleep is regulated by homeostatic and circadian factors, and the regulation of sleep of mammals shares many molecular properties with the rest state of submammalian species. Several brain structures take part in waking: the basal forebrain, posterior and lateral hypothalamus, and nuclei in the tegmentum and pons. Active sleep mechanisms are located to the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area. In addition to acetylcholine and monoamines, glutamate and hypocretin/orexin are important waking factors. Gamma-aminobutyric acid and several peptide factors, including cytokines, growth hormone-releasing hormone and prolactin, are related to sleep promotion. Adenosine is an important homeostatic sleep factor acting in basal forebrain and preoptic areas through A1 and A2A receptors. Prolonged waking activates inducible nitric oxide synthase in the basal forebrain, which through energy depletion causes adenosine release and recovery sleep. Numerous genes have been found differentially displayed in waking compared with sleep, and they relate to neural transmission, synaptic plasticity, energy metabolism and stress protection. The genetic background of a few sleep disorders has been solved.     

两种新生大鼠皮质发育障碍模型的差异基因表达谱研究

目的研究两种不同的方法构建皮质发育障碍(DCDs)动物模型中的共同差异表达基因,为进一步研究DCDs形成机制提供基因水平筛选的研究平台。方法用两种方法制备DCDs模型:①射线损伤模型(射线组):采用剂量为1.45 Gy的γ射线照射妊娠15 d的SD大鼠制作子代大鼠DCDs模型;②卡莫司汀(BCNU)药物损伤模型(药物组):妊娠15 d的SD大鼠,腹腔注射BCNU制作子代大鼠DCDs模型。同时设正常对照组。对两种DCDs模型的子代新生鼠(P0)全脑做基因芯片扫描,结果与正常对照组比较,获得两种模型共有的差异基因。结果射线组大鼠与正常比较得到170个差异基因,其中25个上调,145个下调;药物组大鼠与正常比较得到259个差异基因,其中67个上调,192个下调。两组重合的基因共54个,其中3个上调,51个下调。结论皮质发育障碍是一个复杂的病理过程,本实验运用基因芯片技术,对两种不同方法构建的DCDs模型进行了研究,获得两种DCDs模型共有的基因差异表达谱,为进一步研究DCDs形成机制提供了分子生物学平台。     

基于Android平台的催眠软件设计与实现

随着科技的发展和社会生活节奏的加快,利用信息技术提高人们的生活质量具有重要的意义。本文的贡献是开发一款Android平台的催眠软件来改善患有失眠症患者的睡眠质量。首先,论文根据心理学中的催眠理论进行了催眠音乐的选择介绍,并阐述了该软件的需求分析与设计实现。通过实际测试,该催眠软件对提高失眠患者的睡眠质量确实有一定的帮助。     

关于大学生睡眠状况的调查分析

本研究采用睡眠状况自评量表,对371名大学生的睡眠状况进行了测量。研究结果表明:⑴有1/2的大学生存在不同程度的睡眠障碍。⑵大学生的睡眠障碍主要是“失眠反应”、“睡眠不足”、“觉醒不足”、“恶梦夜惊”、“睡眠质量差”。⑶相对于低年级的学生,高年级学生的睡眠障碍更加严重。⑷相对于不考研的学生,考研学生的睡眠时间更少,睡眠的质量也更差。     

老年人肺心病多器官衰竭84例分析

分析84例老年人肺心病呼吸衰竭患者并发多器官衰竭、累及器官数目与病死率是正相关关系，累及2—5个器官死亡率分别为34．3％、65．4％、86．7％、100％，其中并发肺性脑病最多，但病死率较低。而肾功能进行性加重预后不佳。揭示老年肺心病患者病程较长，各器官功能减退、免疫功能低下，是导致肺心病多器官衰竭的重要死亡原因。     

DNA hypomethylation in the origin and pathogenesis of human diseases

The pathogenesis of any given human disease is a complex multifactorial process characterized by many biologically significant and interdependent alterations. One of these changes, specific to a wide range of human pathologies, is DNA hypomethylation. DNA hypomethylation signifies one of the major DNA methylation states that refers to a relative decrease from the “normal” methylation level. It is clear that disease by itself can induce hypomethylation of DNA; however, a decrease in DNA methylation can also have an impact on the predisposition to pathological states and disease development. This review presents evidence suggesting the involvement of DNA hypomethylation in the pathogenesis of several major human pathologies, including cancer, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and psychiatric disorders. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent those of the US Food and Drug Administration.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的上气道狭窄与头姿变化

探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（Ｏｂｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｖｅｓｌｅｅｐａｐｎｅａ，ＯＳＡ）患者上气道狭窄的程度、头姿改变情况，以及这些形态学指标与病理生理学参数之间的关系。研究对象为８６例男性ＯＳＡ患者及３７名健康男性。经整夜多导睡眠仪检查诊断或排除ＯＳＡ；采用数字化技术摄取受试者头颅侧位片，并用ＮＩＨＩｍａｇｅ软件测定上气道口径、面积及头姿指标共１５项。ＯＳＡ患者各水平上气道前后径均显著小于对照组；经年龄及身高体重指数校正后，上述结果不变。重症ＯＳＡ患者呈显著头颅前倾。头姿变化指标与呼吸暂停指数及多个水平的气道前后径呈显著相关。亚洲人种ＯＳＡ患者存在明显及广泛的上气道狭窄；随ＯＳＡ程度加重及上气道阻塞程度加重，患者可能出现代偿性头姿改变     

Statistical issues and approaches in endophenotype research

The endophenotype concept was initially proposed to enhance the power of genetic studies of complex disorders. It is closely related to the genetic component in a liability-threshold model; a perfect endophenotype should have a correlation of 1 with the genetic component of the liability to disease. In reality, a putative endophenotype is unlikely to be a perfect representation of the genetic component of disease liability. The magnitude of the correlation between a putative endophenotype and the genetic co...     

Influence of brown adipose tissue on deep cervical temperature during sleep in the young rabbit

Summary In young rabbits the slope of the temperature in the deep cervical region close to brown adipose tissue increased during desynchronized sleep at low ambient temperature. No increase occurred at neutral ambient temperature. In control rabbits (after disappearance of brown adipose tissue), the slope of deep cervical temperature did not increase during desynchronized sleep at low or neutral ambient temperatures.Preliminary data were reported at the Association des Physiologistes, Réunion de Poitiers, 20–23 June 1983.Acknowledgments. We wish to thank Giuseppe Mancinelli and Leonida Sabattini for technical assistance. This work was supported by a grant from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome. J.P.L. wishes to thank NATO for partial financial support during his stay at the Physiology Department in Bologna.