肿瘤患者的心理分析及护理

分析了肿瘤患者心理变化4个阶段的不同表现,并针对此提出相应心理护理的方式。指出加强肿瘤患者的心理分析及护理是保证顺利治愈的重要环节。     

Functional Imaging of Breast Tissue and Clinical Application

0Introduction Near infrared(NIR)techniquesarebasedonsensitive,quantitativemeasurementsoffunctionalcontrastbe tweenhealthyanddiseasedtissue.Recently,researchersshowgreatinterestinmeasuringfunctionalpropertiesofbreasttis suesuchashemoglobinconcentrationoroxygensaturationbyNIRspectroscopyandNIRimaging[1,2].NIRlightcanpene trateseveralcentimetersintotissuebeforeitisattenuatedbe lowdetection.ThemainintrinsicmechanismsofNIRlightat tenuationintissuearethescatteringduetoindexofrefractionvariatio…     

肿瘤免疫:肿瘤治疗的新希望

 随着肿瘤学、免疫学及分子生物学等相关学科的迅速发展和交叉渗透,肿瘤免疫治疗技术突飞猛进,成为肿瘤治疗新的热点。肿瘤免疫治疗是应用免疫学原理和方法,提高肿瘤细胞的免疫原性和对效应细胞杀伤的敏感性,激发和增强机体抗肿瘤免疫应答,并应用免疫细胞和效应分子输注宿主体内,协同机体免疫系统杀伤肿瘤、抑制肿瘤生长。在某些肿瘤,如黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌等,免疫治疗展现出强大的抗肿瘤活性,部分免疫治疗药物已经获得美国FDA批准。2013年《Science》杂志将肿瘤的免疫治疗评为年度最重要的科学突破。免疫治疗成为继手术、放射治疗和化学治疗之后又一种重要的抗肿瘤治疗手段,成为攻克恶性肿瘤的希望。本文综述肿瘤免疫学的历史、发展规律、未来方向及中国的肿瘤免疫发展情况。     

Assessment of alternated cooling and heating treatment by US combined CEUS in the VX2 rabbit liver tumor model

Inoperable liver tumors are often treated by thermal ablation that destroys the tumor in situ and spares the adjacent hepatic tissue.Thermal–physical treatment has many advantages,but treatment by freezing or heating alone has some limitations.By taking the advantages and disadvantages of cryosurgery and thermotherapy into consideration,a new thermal technique that combines cryosurgery and radio frequency ablation has been proposed,thereby overcoming the disadvantages of each treatment strategy and improving therapeutic outcomes.This new approach remains to be systematically studied in the liver;therefore,this study was performed to estimate survival after alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy in a VX2 rabbit liver tumor model.Sixteen days after VX2 carcinoma implantation into the rabbit liver,tumors were treated with alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy.Rabbits were monitored for 6 months after treatment and assessed with ultrasound(US)and computed tomography at 1,7,14,and 30 days posttreatment.Untreated tumor-bearing animals served as the control group.Our results show that alternate freezing and heating ablation therapy resulted in a good recovery of VX2 rabbits.Compared with the control group,treated rabbits lived significantly longer(P\0.05),with 70%of treated animals surviving to 196 days posttreatment without metastasis or recurrence,while none of the controls did so.There was no local recurrence in the treatment group.All rabbits in the control group developed metastasis,while metastasis was only observed in 30% of treated rabbits.These results suggest that alternate cooling and heating ablation therapy can prolong the survival time of rabbits with VX2 liver tumors and is an effective method for tumor therapy.Furthermore,we also showed in this model that contrast enhanced US is a valid follow-up approach to assess treatment effectiveness.     

海萝多糖抗突变与抗肿瘤作用的研究

用海萝多糖粗提物灌胃昆明种小鼠,观察海萝多糖粗提物对环磷酰胺(CP)诱发小鼠染色体突变和精子畸变的抑制作用和对荷S180肉瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用.实验结果显示:海萝多糖粗提物可使环磷酰胺诱发的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)微核率和精子畸形率明显降低,具有显著的抗突变作用,且呈现一定的剂量效应关系;海萝粗多糖对S180肉瘤也有明显的抑制作用,并有一定的剂量关系.结果表明,海萝多糖粗提物有明显的抗突变、抗肿瘤作用.     

鏋勫缓璧勫姪鑰呬笌璐洶澶у鐢熻壇鎬т簰鍔ㄦ満鍒剁殑鐮旂┒

瑕佹瀯寤鸿祫鍔╄€呬笌璐洶澶у鐢熶箣闂寸殑鑹€т簰鍔ㄦ満鍒?棣栧厛瑕佸杽浜庡紩瀵艰祫鍔╄€呯殑绀句細璐ｄ换鎰熴€佸悓鎯呭績銆佹弧瓒虫劅绛夊績鐞嗛渶姹?鍏舵鏄姝ｅ彈鍔╄€呭績鎬?浣垮叾姝ｇ‘璁よ瘑璧勫姪鑰呯殑鍔ㄦ満,鐝嶆儨鏈轰細,淇濇寔鑹拌嫤鏈寸礌浣滈,蹇冨瓨鎰熸縺涔嬫儏;鏈€鍚庢槸鏀垮簻銆佹柊闂诲獟浣撳拰瀛︽牎瑕佺Н鏋佹惌寤哄钩鍙?纭繚璧勫姪鑰呯殑璧勫姪绉瀬鎬?浠ヤ繚鎸侀潪姝ｅ紡鏀寔浣撶郴鐨勯暱鏁堟€?     

基于CDC的良性蠕虫对抗蠕虫的建模与分析

根据建立CDC(center for disease control)的思想,设计了基于CDC的良性蠕虫的部署以及响应机制.并且对于基于CDC的良性蠕虫对抗蠕虫的过程进行了数学建模.最后,对该模型进行了仿真试验.通过仿真结果,总结了影响CDC良性蠕虫对抗蠕虫传播的两个因素:响应时间和探针的蠕虫检测率.基于CDC的良性蠕虫的传播模型可以使得人们更好地理解以及预测良性蠕虫对抗蠕虫的速度以及规模.     

电镀Zn-Fe-SiO2复合材料的性能研究

镀锌与Zn-Fe合金广泛用于钢铁零件的防护,但是仍存在钝化液毒性大、环境污染严重、耐蚀性低、氢脆高等不足。本文采用无氰电镀技术制备了Zn-Fe-SiO2复合材料,并测试了Zn-Fe-SiO2复合材料的耐蚀性、孔隙率和氢脆性等综合性能,同时与电镀Zn及Zn-Fe合金进行了对比。实验结果表明:电镀Zn-Fe-SiO2复合材料的耐蚀性及其它综合性能均优于镀锌与Zn-Fe合金,无需钝化处理,环境友好,应用前景广阔。     

基于TCMSP抗肿瘤中药小分子EGFR-TKI的研究

目的研究分析中药小分子表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)的抗肿瘤情况。方法挖掘中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)中药小分子表皮生长因子受体抑制剂,利用反向分子对接服务器(DRAR-CPI)进行靶点验证。结果木犀草素、槲皮素、金雀异黄酮、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、漆黄素5种中药小分子与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)结合良好。结论中药小分子EGFR-TKI能从多个靶点、多种途径抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和扩散,利用中药小分子开发新一代多靶点EGFR-TKI具有广阔的前景。     

蛋白酶抑制剂在肿瘤治疗中的作用研究

蛋白酶及其抑制剂是非常重要的信号分子,涉及多个关键的人体生理代谢途径,在体内受到严格的调控.蛋白酶抑制剂活性的紊乱可导致多种疾病,诸如心血管和炎症疾病、癌症和神经系统障碍等.已知蛋白酶在肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移过程中扮演着重要的角色.细胞外基质和基底膜重塑是癌细胞侵袭转移过程中的关键环节,这个过程需多个蛋白水解酶的表达和激活.蛋白酶抑制剂的应用在一定程度上可减少由蛋白酶水解引起的肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移,且它的抑制作用具有不同程度的特异性,可以减缓肿瘤恶性发展的进程.文章对蛋白酶及其抑制剂的靶向治疗药物及临床应用研究进展进行了综述.