变截面弹性管中一维非定常气流的广义变分原理

应用坐标变换，在映象平面上，巧妙地把控制方程转化为守恒形式．在此基础上，作者定义了２个新型函数──迹线长度函数Ｙ和能量函数Ω．在应用刘高联系统方法建立广义变分原理时，发现了非常有趣的临界变分现象．并且分析了产生临界变分的原因，最后导得了一维变截面非定常可压缩均熵流动的广义变分原理．     

FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITES BASED ON NOVEL BLEND MATRICES

A series of glass fibre reinforced composites based on novel blend matrices were fabricated us-ing reaction injection moulding (RIM) processing.The blends were made of sub-sequentialinterpenetrating polymer networks of acrylic-polyurea or acrylic-copoly(urea-isocyanurate).Themechanical and thermal properties were characterized by tensile test and dynamic mechanical ana-lysis.The fracture data from single edge notch bend tests were analysed using fracture mechanicsfor the composites to give K_(IC) and G_(IC).The correlation between reaction kinetics and morphologyof the blend and the composite properties were discussed.The investigations showed that the novelblends have good bonding property on glass fibre,thus good processability in RIM,and the re-suited composites have good mechanical and thermal properties.     

对基本对易关系式佯谬的讨论

对量子力学的基本关系式［ｘ·ｐｘ］＝ｉｈ在取迹时两边不相等的佯谬问题进行较系统的讨论，以便更好地进行教学     

关于狭义相对论的本质

在量子力学基础上，根据空间－时间反演等价于正反粒子变换这一基本对称性，导出了狭义相对论的质能关系式和洛伦兹变换，从而说明了高速粒子质量增大和运动钟变慢等相对论运动学效应有其普适的内禀动力学本质。     

Functional investigations of exercising muscle: a noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy-magnetic resonance imaging approach

Muscle fatigue, which is defined as the decline in muscle performance during exercise, may occur at different sites along the pathway from the central nervous system through to the intramuscular contractile machinery. Historically, both impairment of neuromuscular transmission and peripheral alterations within the muscle have been proposed as causative factors of fatigue development. However, according to more recent studies, muscle energetics play a key role in this process. Intramyoplasmic accumulation of inorganic phosphate (P_i) and limitation in ATP availability have been frequently evoked as the main mechanisms leading to fatigue. Although attractive, these hypotheses have been elaborated on the basis of experimental results obtained in vitro, and their physiological relevance has never been clearly demonstrated in vivo. In that context, noninvasive methods such as 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and surface electromyography have been employed to understand both metabolic and electrical aspects of muscle fatigue under physiological conditions. Mapping of muscles activated during exercise is another interesting issue which can be addressed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Exercise-induced T2 changes have been used in order to locate activated muscles and also as a quantitative index of exercise intensity. The main results related to both issues, i.e. the metabolic and electrical aspects of fatigue and the MRI functional investigation of exercising muscle, are discussed in the present review.Received 4 September 2003; received after revision 4 December 2003; accepted 22 December 2003     

智能化搅拌设备

根据工程机械智能化的发展趋势和搅拌设备的工作特点,分析了搅拌设备智能化的关键技术,认为机电液信一体化的硬件条件、可靠的作业过程动态控制和管理软件,是实现搅拌设备智能化的必要条件;在分析搅拌过程和拌筒模型化的基础上,讨论了搅拌设备智能化的主要研究任务和方法。结果表明,具有对不同作业材料和作业工况的适应能力,保证搅拌质量和效率最佳,是搅拌设备智能化的核心技术。     

Supertasks, dynamical attractors and indeterminism

Atkinson [2006. Losing energy in classical, relativistic and quantum mechanics. in Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 38 To appear.] has obtained some new results on supertasks and the violation of conservation laws. I discuss these results here, extending them from a different perspective, which, by focusing on considerations of indeterminism, facilitates the natural introduction in this context of the concept of dynamical attractor.     

粘土分散性的判别试验

针对分散性粘土遇水分散流失的不良性质，应用碎块、针孔、双比重计、孔隙水可溶盐和交换性钠质量分数5种试验方法，研究了西安市黑河水利枢纽工程粘土心墙土料的分散性。研究认为，土料大部分属于非分散性粘土，少部分属于分散性粘土，分散性粘土的蒙脱石与伊利石的质量比值较高；在采用黑河水冲蚀针孔时，分散性粘土有表现为非分散性的趋势；大坝建成后的坝体原状土样属于非分散性粘土。结果表明：蒙脱石与伊利石的质量比值是判别粘土分散性的重要指标，水质对土的分散性具有显著影响；分散性粘土与非分散性粘土合理混合使用可降低粘土的分散性，满足工程要求。     

飞向Halo轨道的太阳帆航天器轨迹优化设计

研究了太阳帆航天器从地球同步轨道飞向日-地第2Lagrange(L2)点Halo轨道时其转移并入轨的轨迹优化设计问题。提出了分3阶段优化设计的方法:首先调整航天器逃离地球的飞行轨迹,使其比较接近目标Halo轨道的不变流形;再借助不变流形,用遗传算法求解相应的最优控制,使其转移到目标Halo轨道的不变流形上;最后航天器将沿流形飞行完成入轨。数值仿真结果表明,提出的方法可以得到相当好的转移轨道。由此显示:将转移轨道分为若干阶段,借助不变流形,用遗传算法求解最优控制问题的轨道优化设计方法对于此类小推力变轨问题是切实可行的。     

Klein-Weyl's program and the ontology of gauge and quantum systems

We distinguish two orientations in Weyl's analysis of the fundamental role played by the notion of symmetry in physics, namely an orientation inspired by Klein's Erlangen program and a phenomenological-transcendental orientation. By privileging the former to the detriment of the latter, we sketch a group(oid)-theoretical program—that we call the Klein-Weyl program—for the interpretation of both gauge theories and quantum mechanics in a single conceptual framework. This program is based on Weyl's notion of a “structure-endowed entity” equipped with a “group of automorphisms”. First, we analyze what Weyl calls the “problem of relativity” in the frameworks provided by special relativity, general relativity, and Yang-Mills theories. We argue that both general relativity and Yang-Mills theories can be understood in terms of a localization of Klein's Erlangen program: while the latter describes the group-theoretical automorphisms of a single structure (such as homogenous geometries), local gauge symmetries and the corresponding gauge fields (Ehresmann connections) can be naturally understood in terms of the groupoid-theoretical isomorphisms in a family of identical structures. Second, we argue that quantum mechanics can be understood in terms of a linearization of Klein's Erlangen program. This stance leads us to an interpretation of the fact that quantum numbers are “indices characterizing representations of groups” ((Weyl, 1931a), p.xxi) in terms of a correspondence between the ontological categories of identity and determinateness.