Cenozoic stratigraphy of Taiwan: Window into rifting, stratigraphy and paleoceanography of South China Sea

Shallow marine sequences of the northern South China Sea (SCS) are uplifted and exposed by plate convergence in the Taiwan mountain belt. These deposits provide detailed geological information about the rifting event, stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleoclimate and paleoceanography of the shallow SCS to compare with what are recorded in the ODP 1148 deep-sea core. Seismic surveys and marine micropalentological studies show that Eocene sequences in the offshore Taiwan Strait and onland Taiwan mountain belt are all deposited in rifting basins and are covered unconformably by the Late Oligocene-Neogene post-rifting strata. Between syn-rifting and post-rifting sequences, there is a regional break-up unconformity throughout the island. Early Oligocene and Late Eocene strata are missing along the break-up unconformity equivalent to the T7 unconformity in the Pearl River Mouth Basin off south China. This may suggest that the SCS oceanic crust could have initiated between 33 and 39 Ma. Neither obvious stratigraphic gap nor slumping features are found in the Oligocene-Miocene transition interval of Taiwan. This observation highly contrasts with what has been documented from the ODP 1148 deep-sea core. This suggests that the stratigraphic gap and slumping features could only be recorded in the SCS deep sea region, but not in the shallow shelf near Taiwan. Compared to the Middle Miocene paleoceanographic re-organization events in the SCS deep sea, the geological history of the Taiwan shallow sequence shows changes of in sedimentation and faunal composition. Due to the Antarctic glacial expansion at~14 Ma, Middle to late Miocene strata of the Western Foothills show progressive regression sedimentations associated with a decrease of benthic foraminif-eral abundance and a sharp faunal turnover event. Many Early-Middle Miocene endemic benthic foraminifers were extinct in 14-13 Ma and new benthic foraminifers of the Kuroshio Current fauna appeared from 10.2 Ma, comparable with new occurrence of Modern benthic foraminifers at 9 Ma in the Java Sea area. This reveals that the Western Boundary Kuroshio Current in the North Pacific could initiate from 10-9 Ma due to closures of the Indo-Pacific seaways by convergent tectonics between the Australian Continent and the Indonesian Arc in 12-8 Ma. Subduction of the SCS oceanic lithosphere since the Middle Miocene resulted in formation of the Hengchun Ridge accretionary prism and the North Luzon Arc. Occurrence of these two bathymetric highs ( 2400 m) since the Middle Miocene and closures of the inter-arc passages in the North Luzon arc in the last 3.5 Ma would control the water exchanges between the West Pacific and the deep SCS. Accordingly, the tectonic evolution in the Central Range-Hengchun Peninsula accretionary prism and the arc-forearc Coastal Range not only control directly the route for water exchanges between the West Pacific and the SCS, but also indirectly shows a great influence on the geochemistry of deep SCS waters. The latter is best shown by much negative carbon isotope values of benthic foraminifers in the ODP 1148 deep-sea core than the West Pacific records in the last 14 Ma.     

Identifying paleoflood deposits archived in Zhongba Site, the Three Gorges reservoir region of the Yangtze River, China

Based on the principle that the present is the key to the past, detailed analyses, such as AMS ^14C dating, grain size, component and morphology of heavy minerals, micro-morphology of zircon, Rb/Sr, magnetic susceptibility and total organic carbon （TOC）, were conducted to identify paleoflood sediments archived in Zhongba Site. The results indicate that the plaeoflood sediments bear great similarities with modern flood sediments in the following aspects： （1） probability cumulative curves mainly show a pattern of 3-4 segments; （2） grain-size distribution of suspended matter ranges between 3 and 10（I）; （3） the sediments are well-sorted, most of which are suspended matter （〉50%）; （4） the same species, quantity and morphology of heavy minerals; （5） scanning electronic microscope images show that shapes of zircon are mainly oval and nearly spheral, rounded due to long-distance transport; （6） higher Rb/Sr values （0.55-0.66）than those of sediments from cultural layers （0.03-0.26）; （7） magnetic susceptibility values （133.73-433.05 10^-6m^3/kg） are lower than those of sediments from cultural layers （959.25-2442.44 10^-6 m^3/kg）; （8） TOC （0.14%- 0.33%） are lower than those of sediments from cultural layers （1.13%-2.95%）. Our results demonstrate that, except for the 1981 flood, there are at least six paleoflood events that occurred during the Qing Dynasty, the middle of Song Dynasty, the early Warring States （400BC-350BC）, the West Zhou Dynasty （920BC-900BC）, the Xia Dynasty （2070BC-1600BC）, and the late Neolithic Age （3000BC-2300BC）, respectively.     

淮安板闸遗址受力性能的非线性有限元分析

为了解具有复杂形式和结构的淮安板闸遗址受力性能,采用FRANC 3D和ANSYS软件对淮安板闸遗址进行非线性有限元计算,研究存在初始裂缝的板闸遗址主体的受力及其周边土体的应力分布.研究结果表明:对于考虑含初始裂缝的板闸有限元模型,根据M积分法计算得到应力强度因子和J积分,并使用最大周向应力准则预测裂缝结果;在工况组合"自重+填土压力+水压力+0.75倍的设计附加堆载"作用下,淮安板闸主体结构曲率变化处的斜向裂缝,将会持续以下端开裂早于上端开裂的趋势,保持扭转撕裂的形式发展.对板闸遗址主体结构与周边土体进行参数分析,得出极限应力与板闸弹性参数、土体Drucker-Prager模型参数、板闸与土体间摩擦系数、附加荷载值之间的关系;同时,给出板闸遗址背部填土的较优Drucker-Prager模型参数区间,即粘聚力为12～20 kPa,内摩擦角为10°～20°,膨胀角/内摩擦角的比值为0～0.3,此时附加荷载增大对板闸遗址的应力提高效应较不敏感.     

对灭火救援现场移交工作的探讨

本文针对消防部队在灭火救援过程中引发的争议或诉讼现象进行探讨,提出加强和完善灭火救援现场移交工作制度的具体措施,旨在进一步提高自我防范意识,有效减少和避免争议与诉讼事件的发生。     

建筑工程项目现场施工科学管理

通过提高管理水平促进企业成本的降低,提高企业综合利润。建筑施工管理作为一项系统工程,是建筑得以实现的唯一途径,使施工质量得到很好的控制和保证。本文探讨了建筑工程项目现场施工科学管理。     

典型相关分析方法在研究杉木生长与其立地条件相互关系上的应用

<正>本文应用多元统计分析中的典型相关分析方法对湖南朱亭人工杉木林的生长量与其立地条件之间的相互关系的分析结果表明,杉木的生长量与其立地条件之间存在着密切的相关关系。在生长量中以树高与立地条件的关系最为密切,而影响生长量的主要立地条件因子分别为经营级、坡位和土层厚度。应用这—方法可以分析出某一地区影响杉木生长的主要立地条件因子,从而为合理制定人工杉木林的经营措施提供理论依据。     

毛白杨人工林生物量的初步研究

<正>本文对位于中心分布区的毛白杨人工林的生物量进行了初步研究,并试图通过比较和分析不同立地类型和不同经营措施下的毛白杨林分的平均生产量,为营林生产提供科学依据。结果表明,毛白杨人工林的生物量受立地类型和经营措施的影响极大,立地类型相同经营措施不同的林分平均生产量相差三倍多,而经营措施相同立地类型不同的林分的平均生产量相差四倍还多。     

不中断交通下连续箱梁桥拼接缝浇筑方式分析

为了探究不中断交通条件下连续箱梁桥拼宽关键技术,本文依托机荷高速改扩建工程,通过现场桥梁的车桥耦合振动测试,得到某连续箱梁桥的最大振动频率为5.62 Hz,最大振动速度为18 mm?s-1。考虑现场车流量的随机性,以安全的原则共设置两种车辆振动环境（5 Hz,25 mm?s-1和10 Hz,50 mm?s-1）,并在实验室中测定了不同龄期抗扰动纤维增强混凝土（Fiber Reinforced Cementitious-composite material 50,FRCM50）的弹性模量和抗拉强度。结合现有的施工工艺和新型接缝材料的特点,提出微差浇筑施工工艺。然后,分别分析了采用一次浇筑、分段浇筑和微差浇筑施工工艺时拼宽连续箱梁的受力特点、接缝时变应力、交通组织模式以及经济性,结果表明微差浇筑工艺具有受力合理、施工机械少、经济性好等优点,可指导实际工程施工,具有良好的应用性。     

日喀则—吉隆铁路活动断裂特征及其工程影响分析

日喀则至吉隆铁路位于藏南地区板块碰撞的构造边界带上,跨越定结、岗嘎和佩枯错三条大的第四纪活动裂谷,各裂谷内分布的活动断层对铁路的选线及工程设计具有重要影响。通过对日吉铁路沿线各裂谷内共25条断裂的现场调查测试,查明工程共穿越晚更新世活动断裂10条,其中有全新世活动断裂4条,分别为定结裂谷中的定结、郭家、登么错断裂和佩枯错裂谷中的岗彭庆断裂。对于定结、郭家断裂,可选择其活动性相对较弱的南段以简易工程通过,而对全线全新世活动性最强的登么错断裂,建议以路基形式通过。岗彭庆断裂带因未来地震危险性高,应避免以隧道工程通过。     

Replacement Policy for Caching World-Wide Web Documents Based on Site-Graph Model

IntroductionProxy caches[1,2 ] are efficient solutions to reduceInternetcongestion and access delay for resources.The major metric used to describe the proxy cacheperformance is the hit rate,which is mostlyaffected by the design and implementation of theproxy cache replacement strategy. The removalpolicy manages the assigning of the cache spaceand the selection of cached copies. Homepages canbe classified into two categories:information pagesthat supply real information for users and indexing…