东天山迎风坡与高海拔区域降水效率对比研究

利用WRF中尺度数值模式对2015年4月16~17日发生在新疆天山地区一次降水过程进行数值模拟研究。重点对比了迎风坡与高海拔区域降水效率的差异,进而分析产生这种差异的原因。结果表明:迎风坡的降水效率大于高海拔区域的降水效率,降水过程发展旺盛阶段,降水效率达到最大。迎风坡的降水主要由雪、霰融化为雨水产生,高海拔区域降水主要由雪产生。该微物理机制的差异造成在降水集中时段,虽然高海拨区域空中总水凝物多于迎风坡,但降水效率低于迎风坡,最终导致降水强度小于迎风坡。     

Formation and causes of NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type=Italic>x</Emphasis></Subscript> pollution on the east side of the Taihang Mountains in China

Tropospheric column amounts of NO 2 from OMI/Aura products were applied to investigate the seasonal variation of NO x on the east side of the Taihang Mountains (ESTM) in China. The NO 2 concentration varied seasonally, with winter maxima and summer minima. To explore the causes of the heavy NO 2 pollution in this region, wind field simulations were conducted by using the Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5). MM5 simulations showed that wind directions in the ESTM region were dominated by northeasterly and northwesterly winds throughout the year and to a lesser degree by southwesterlies. Elevated NO 2 concentrations (higher than 50×10 15 molec/cm 2 ) occurred in three meteorological situations: convergent wind fields (5 days), northeasterly winds (2 days), and calm days (1 day) in January. Although the local anthropogenic NO x emission strength was not so high as that in other developed areas, the calms and frequent occurrence of convergent wind fields, as well as unfavorable terrains for diffusion, resulted in the accumulation of atmospheric pollutants and hence heavy NO x pollution. Furthermore, long-distance NO x transportation from the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region to the ESTM area could be seen when the wind was from a northeasterly direction, especially under high wind speeds.