Ni/硅胶催化剂的制备及其对油脂氢化反应的催化作用

用共沉淀法制得了一种用于油脂氢化反应的Ni/硅胶催化剂,该催化剂具有较好的活性及稳定性,220℃下,加氢精炼油6小时,产物熔点可达39℃。反应10小时时,催化剂的活性仍能稳定不变。     

H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/SiO_2催化合成5-乙氧羰基-4-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮

采用H6P2W18O62/SiO2为催化剂,以对羟基苯甲醛、乙酰乙酸乙酯、尿素为原料合成5-乙氧羰基-4-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮.探讨H6P2W18O62/SiO2对本反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了反应物物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度四因素对产物收率的影响.实验表明:H6P2W18O62/SiO2是合成5-乙氧羰基-4-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮的良好催化剂;在n(对羟基苯甲醛)∶n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(尿素)=1∶1.5∶1.5,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的1.5%,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为60 min的最佳条件下,其收率可达94.4%.     

Improving thermal insulation of TC4 using YSZ-based coating and SiO2 aerogel

In this paper, air plasmas spray(APS) was used to prepare YSZ and Sc2O3–YSZ(Sc YSZ) coating in order to improve the thermal insulation ability of TC4 alloy. Si O2 aerogel was also synthesized and affixed on TC4 titanium alloy to inhabit thermal flow. The microstructures, phase compositions and thermal insulation performance of three coatings were analyzed in detail. The results of thermal diffusivity test by a laser flash method showed that the thermal diffusivities of YSZ, Sc2O3–YSZ and Si O2 aerogel are 0.553, 0.539 and 0.2097 10 6m2/s, respectively. Then,the thermal insulation performances of three kinds of coating were investigated from 20 1C to 400 1C using high infrared radiation heat flux technology. The experimental results indicated that the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloy(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ is 41.5 1C for 0.6 mm thickness coating. For 1 mm thickness coating, the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloys(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ, Sc YSZ, Si O2 aerogel three specimens is 54, 54.6 and 208 1C, respectively. The coating thickness and species were found to influence the heat insulation ability. In these materials, YSZ and Sc YSZ exhibited a little difference for heat insulation behavior. However, Si O2 aerogel was the best one among them and it can be taken as protection material on TC4 alloys. In outer space,Si O2 aerogel can meet the need of thermal insulation of TC4 of high-speed aircraft.     

Effects of SiO2 on the preparation and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets

The effects of SiO₂ content on the preparation process and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets, including compressive strength, reduction, and softening–melting behaviors, were systematically investigated.Mineralogical structures, elemental distribution, and pore size distribution were varied to analyze the mechanism of the effects.The results show that with an increase in SiO₂ content from 3.51 wt%to 7.18 wt%, compressive strength decreases from 3150 N/pellet to 2100 N/pellet and reducibility decreases from 76.5% to 71.4%.The microstructure showed that pellets with high SiO₂ content contained more magnetite in the mineralogical structures.Additionally, some liquid phases appeared, which hindered the continuous crystallization of hematite.Also, the softening–melting properties of the pellets clearly deteriorated as the SiO₂ content increased.With increasing SiO₂ content, the temperature range of the softening–melting zone decreased, and the maximum differential pressure and the comprehensive permeability index increased significantly.When acid oxidized pellets are used as the raw materials for blast furnace smelting, it should be combined with high basicity sinters to improve the softening–melting behaviors of the comprehensive charge.     

纳米SiO2在提高采收率与降压增注中的应用进展

纳米技术现已广泛应用于生物、医药、材料等多个领域,在石油勘探开发领域也具有诸多潜在应用价值.综述了纳米颗粒在石油开发领域中提高采收率及降压增注的应用进展,石油开发所使用的纳米颗粒可分为金属纳米颗粒、有机纳米颗粒、无机纳米颗粒;针对表面改性后纳米SiO2分散性变差的问题介绍了新型生物表面活性剂等纳米材料分散方法;纳米SiO2提高采收率的主要机理是楔形挤压、润湿反转、降低界面张力及其他提采机理;纳米SiO2降压增注机理为进入地层后形成的疏水膜能改变润湿性、防止黏土膨胀,对于吸附纳米颗粒能否增大孔道半径存在争议.建议今后从纳米SiO2地层匹配性、降压增注解析模型、数值模拟模型以及生物基表面活性剂开展相关的技术研究.     

w(MgO)/w(SiO_2)对转炉渣系微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响

为了减少转炉渣对环境的危害,提出利用熔融法制备了SiO2-CaO-MgO-Fe2O3系微晶玻璃.借助DTA,SEM和XRD等分析方法,系统探讨了w(MgO)/w(SiO2)比值对微晶玻璃的结构和弯曲强度的影响.结果表明:随着w(MgO)/w(SiO2)比值的增加,玻璃的转变温度和析晶峰温度变化较小,但微晶玻璃的物相组成发生较大变化,由普通辉石转变为透辉石,微晶玻璃内部的晶体尺寸逐渐减小,晶体分布相对均匀;微晶玻璃的弯曲强度逐渐增加.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备HEC/SiO2杂化材料的工艺研究

以羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶技术合成了HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料.通过探讨水硅比、HEC含量、溶剂量、干燥控制化学添加剂用量、温度等工艺因素对凝胶化过程,特别是材料干燥体积收缩的影响,得出在本实验条件下合成HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料的优化工艺条件.利用红外吸收光谱、紫外-可见光透射光谱以及扫描电子显微镜等测试手段对合成的HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料进行表征.结果表明,HEC作为有机分散相已经均匀地分散到SiO2基相中,制备的HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料透明,无分相,并可能形成了新的化学键.     

Li2S—SiO2体系玻璃的制备研究

采用真空高温反应，自然降温冷却的合成方法，成功地在Ｌｉ２Ｓ－ＳｉＯ２体系中制备出了玻璃。对玻璃样品进行了Ｘ－射线衍射分析（ＸＲＤ）、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）及电子探针微区分析，确定了玻璃形成范围，借助Ｘ－射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）进行了玻璃中硫元素的化学环境（原子价态）分析；用差热分析（ＤＴＡ）技术测定了玻璃的转变温度。     

糠醛液相加氢制糠醇新型催化剂的研究

本文重点对糠醛加氢反应制糖醇Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ＿２催化剂的制备工艺进行了研究。得到了具有活性高、选择性好的催化剂最佳制备工艺条件。同时又考察了添加少量碱土金属助剂的催化作用，并对该催化剂的再生和中间试验进行了探索。     

H2O2敏化H3PW12O40／SiO2光催化降解甲基紫

采用溶胶一凝胶技术将Keggin型H3PW12O40负载在SiO2上,并用H2O2溶液对其进行敏化,制得HsPW12O40／SiO2／H2O2光催化剂．考察在模拟自然光条件下,甲基紫的初始浓度、溶液pH以及催化剂用量对甲基紫可见光催化降解率的影响．实验发现,在甲基紫初始浓度为30mg／L,溶液pH为2．5,催化剂的用量为0．6g／L的优化情况下,光降解2．5h,甲基紫的降解率达到92％．